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Separation of duties (SoD), also known as segregation of duties, is the concept of having more than one person required to complete a task. It is an administrative control used by organisations to prevent fraud , sabotage , theft , misuse of information, and other security compromises.
Segregation can be caused by legal frameworks, such as in the extreme example of apartheid in South Africa, and even Jewish ghettoization in Germany in the 20th century. Segregation can also happen slowly, stimulated by increased land and housing prices in certain neighborhoods, resulting in segregation of rich and poor in many urban cities. [6]
Spatial inequality refers to the unequal distribution of income and resources across geographical regions. [1] Attributable to local differences in infrastructure, [2] geographical features (presence of mountains, coastlines, particular climates, etc.) and economies of agglomeration, [3] such inequality remains central to public policy discussions regarding economic inequality more broadly.
Women in female-dominated jobs pay two penalties: the average wage of their jobs is lower than that in comparable male-dominated jobs, and they earn less relative to men in the same jobs. Since 1980, occupational segregation is the single largest factor of the gender pay gap, accounting for over half of the wage gap. [31]
A score of zero (0%) reflects a fully integrated environment; a score of 1 (100%) reflects full segregation. In terms of black–white segregation, a score of .60 means that 60 percent of blacks would have to exchange places with whites in other units to achieve an even geographic distribution.
Vance, Rupert B. Human factors in cotton culture; a study in the social geography of the American South (U of North Carolina Press, 1929) online free; Webster, Gerald R., and Jerrod Bowman. "Quantitatively delineating the black belt geographic region." Southeastern Geographer 48.1 (2008): 3–18 Online. Wharton, Vernon Lane.
Liverpool is 100% on top of the Champions League after dumping title holder Real Madrid into an almost unbelievable 24th place in the 36-team standings on Wednesday. No one felt the embarrassment ...
Occupational segregation, the distribution of people based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender, both across and within occupations and jobs; Age segregation, separation of people based on their age and may be observed in many aspects of some societies; Health segregation. Segregation by health condition.