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The oldest version is generally recognized to be the Sanskrit version attributed to the Padma Purana - Acharya Shri Raviṣeṇ Padmapurāṇa Ravisena Acharya, later on sage Narada, the Mula Ramayana. [3] Narada passed on the knowledge to Valmiki, who authored Valmiki Ramayana, the present oldest available version of Ramayana.
The king of Ayodhya, Dasharatha is forced by his third wife Kaikeyi, on the basis of a boon promised by himself, to exile prince Rama for 14 years, where Rama, along with his brother Lakshmana and wife Sita, departs from Ayodhya and starts a new life in the forests of Panchavati until Ravana, the demon king of Lanka, abducts Sita in order to retaliate Rama for his sister, Shurpanakha's dishonor.
This version of Ramayana is composed in Maithili poetic language. In this Ramayana the meaning of Sita is said to be " Bhumija " as it is the line ploughed on the earth by a plough. She is also called as presiding goddess of agriculture, Param Vaidehi , Param Janaki , and " Janaanaam Kule Jaata " (born in the family of people), etc. [ 3 ] There ...
Three Hundred Rāmāyaṇas is a scholarly essay that summarizes the history of the Rāmāyaṇa and its spread across India and Asia over a period of 2,500 years or more. . It seeks to demonstrate factually how the story of Rama has undergone numerous variations while being transmitted across different languages, societies, geographical regions, religions, and historical perio
Here is a list of notable English translations of the Ramayana in chronological order: Griffith, Ralph T. H. (1870–1874). The Ramayan of Valmiki. Trübner – via Sacred-texts.org. (Project Gutenberg). Griffith's translation was one of the earliest complete translations of the Ramayana into English. Dutt, Romesh Chunder (1898).
Malyavan is against his grandson's war with Prince Rama, and attempts in vain to convince Ravana to let go to Sita; however, this counsel is rejected by Ravana: [3]. O King, that monarch who is versed in the fourteen sciences, who follows polity, rules an empire over a long period and overcomes his adversaries, who concludes peace or wages war at a fitting time, advances his own party and ...
The Ramayana became widely popular in the 16th century. It is argued that the story of Rama offers a "very powerful imaginative formulation of the divine king as the only being capable of combating evil". [30] The concept of Ramrajya, "the rule of Ram", was used by Gandhi to describe the ideal country free from the British. [22] [31]
Adhyatma Ramayana represents the story of Rama in a spiritual context. The text constitutes over 35% of the chapters of Brahmanda Purana, often circulated as an independent text in the Vaishnavism tradition, [9] and is an Advaita Vedanta treatise of over 65 chapters and 4,500 verses.