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Extended memory is located above 1 MB, includes the high memory area, and ends at 16 MB on the Intel 286 and at 4 GB on the Intel 386DX and later. In DOS memory management, extended memory refers to memory above the first megabyte (2 20 bytes) of address space in an IBM PC or compatible with an 80286 or later processor.
Several expanded-memory pages are bank-switched in the page frame, part of the upper memory area. In DOS memory management, expanded memory is a system of bank switching that provided additional memory to DOS programs beyond the limit of conventional memory (640 KiB). Expanded memory is an
In computer science, extensible programming is a style of computer programming that focuses on mechanisms to extend the programming language, compiler, and runtime system (environment). Extensible programming languages, supporting this style of programming, were an active area of work in the 1960s, but the movement was marginalized in the 1970s ...
Expanded memory managers such as Quarterdeck's QEMM product and Microsoft's EMM386 supported the expanded memory standard without requirement for special memory boards. On 386 and subsequent processors, memory managers like QEMM might move the bulk of the code for a driver or TSR into extended memory and replace it with a small fingerhold that ...
Hardware extensions allowed access to more memory than the 8086 CPU could address through paging memory. This memory was known as expanded memory. An industry de facto standard was developed by the LIM consortium, composed of Lotus, Intel and Microsoft. This standard was the Expanded Memory Specification (EMS). Pages of memory from expanded ...
EMM386 is the expanded memory manager of Microsoft's MS-DOS, IBM's PC DOS, Digital Research's DR-DOS, and Datalight's ROM-DOS [1] which is used to create expanded memory using extended memory on Intel 80386 CPUs. There also is an EMM386.EXE available in FreeDOS. [2]
In DOS memory management, the upper memory area (UMA) is the memory between the addresses of 640 KB and 1024 KB (0xA0000–0xFFFFF) in an IBM PC or compatible. IBM reserved the uppermost 384 KB of the 8088 CPU 's 1024 KB address space for BIOS ROM , Video BIOS , Option ROMs , video RAM, RAM on peripherals, memory-mapped I/O , and obsoleted ROM ...
The operating system must manage the bank-switching operation to ensure that program execution can continue when part of memory is not accessible to the processor. Bank switching is a technique used in computer design to increase the amount of usable memory beyond the amount directly addressable by the processor [1] instructions.