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  2. Momentum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentum

    If the net force experienced by a particle changes as a function of time, F(t), the change in momentum (or impulse J) between times t 1 and t 2 is = = (). Impulse is measured in the derived units of the newton second (1 N⋅s = 1 kg⋅m/s) or dyne second (1 dyne⋅s = 1 g⋅cm/s)

  3. Moment (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moment_(physics)

    The moment of force, or torque, is a first moment: =, or, more generally, .; Similarly, angular momentum is the 1st moment of momentum: =.Momentum itself is not a moment.; The electric dipole moment is also a 1st moment: = for two opposite point charges or () for a distributed charge with charge density ().

  4. Newton's laws of motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton's_laws_of_motion

    Alternatively, momentum and force can be represented as four-vectors. [82]: 107 Newton's third law must be modified in special relativity. The third law refers to the forces between two bodies at the same moment in time, and a key feature of special relativity is that simultaneity is relative.

  5. Classical mechanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_mechanics

    A force originates from within a field, such as an electro-static field (caused by static electrical charges), electro-magnetic field (caused by moving charges), or gravitational field (caused by mass), among others. Newton was the first to mathematically express the relationship between force and momentum.

  6. Transport phenomena - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_phenomena

    where τ zx is the flux of x-directed momentum in the z-direction, ν is μ/ρ, the momentum diffusivity, z is the distance of transport or diffusion, ρ is the density, and μ is the dynamic viscosity. Newton's law of viscosity is the simplest relationship between the flux of momentum and the velocity gradient.

  7. Torque - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torque

    For example, if a person places a force of 10 N at the terminal end of a wrench that is 0.5 m long (or a force of 10 N acting 0.5 m from the twist point of a wrench of any length), the torque will be 5 N⋅m – assuming that the person moves the wrench by applying force in the plane of movement and perpendicular to the wrench.

  8. Force - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force

    The electromagnetic force acts between electric charges, and the gravitational force acts between masses. All other forces in nature derive from these four fundamental interactions operating within quantum mechanics, including the constraints introduced by the Schrödinger equation and the Pauli exclusion principle. [67] For example, friction ...

  9. D'Alembert's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D'Alembert's_principle

    The principle states that the sum of the differences between the forces acting on a system of massive particles ... the first time derivative of momentum is the force.