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  2. Wheat and chessboard problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat_and_chessboard_problem

    If a chessboard were to have wheat placed upon each square such that one grain were placed on the first square, two on the second, four on the third, and so on (doubling the number of grains on each subsequent square), how many grains of wheat would be on the chessboard at the finish? The problem may be solved using simple addition.

  3. Hankinson's equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hankinson's_equation

    Hankinson's equation (also called Hankinson's formula or Hankinson's criterion) [1] is a mathematical relationship for predicting the off-axis uniaxial compressive strength of wood. The formula can also be used to compute the fiber stress or the stress wave velocity at the elastic limit as a function of grain angle in wood.

  4. Wood grain - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood_grain

    Wood grain is the longitudinal arrangement of wood fibers [1] or the pattern resulting from such an arrangement. [2] R. Bruce Hoadley wrote that grain is a "confusingly versatile term" with numerous different uses, including the direction of the wood cells (e.g., straight grain, spiral grain), surface appearance or figure, growth-ring placement (e.g., vertical grain), plane of the cut (e.g ...

  5. Janka hardness test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janka_hardness_test

    When testing wood in lumber form, the Janka test is always carried out on wood from the tree trunk (known as the heartwood), and the standard sample (according to ASTM D143) is at 12% moisture content and clear of knots. [3] The hardness of wood varies with the direction of the wood grain. Testing on the surface of a plank, perpendicular to the ...

  6. Lumber - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumber

    The wood moisture content is above 25% on a dry-weight basis; The environment is sufficiently warm; Oxygen (O 2) is present; Wood with less than 25% moisture (dry weight basis) can remain free of decay for centuries. Similarly, wood submerged in water may not be attacked by fungi if the amount of oxygen is inadequate. Fungi lumber/timber ...

  7. Sieve analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieve_analysis

    A sieve analysis (or gradation test) is a practice or procedure used in geology, civil engineering, [1] and chemical engineering [2] to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material by allowing the material to pass through a series of sieves of progressively smaller mesh size and weighing the amount of material that is stopped by each sieve as a fraction ...

  8. Square (tool) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_(tool)

    Speed square, or rafter square, or rafter angle square, or triangle square, or layout square A speed square is a triangular carpenters square combining functions of the combination square, try square, and framing square into one. It can be used to calculate and mark angles, to suspend a plumb bob, and as a fence for a circular saw. [21] [22] [23]

  9. Stere - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stere

    The correspondence between stere and cubic meters of stacked wood is imprecise because it depends on the length of the logs used and on how irregular they are. The stere corresponds to 1 m 3 (35.3 cu ft) of wood, made exclusively with logs of 1 m (3.3 ft) in length, all stacked parallel and neatly arranged. If the logs are less than 1 m, the ...