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Nested closed fullerenes have been named bucky onions. Cylindrical fullerenes are also called carbon nanotubes or buckytubes. [1] The bulk solid form of pure or mixed fullerenes is called fullerite. [2] Fullerenes had been predicted for some time, but only after their accidental synthesis in 1985 were they detected in nature [3] [4] and outer ...
Fullerenes are typically spheroidal carbon compounds, the most prevalent being buckminsterfullerene, C 60. [2] One year after it was prepared in milligram quantities in 1990, [3] C 60 was shown to function as a ligand in the complex [Ph 3 P] 2 Pt(η 2-C 60). [4] Since this report, a variety of transition metals and binding modes were demonstrated.
For example, fullerene is notoriously insoluble and adding a suitable group can enhance solubility. [1] By adding a polymerizable group, a fullerene polymer can be obtained. Functionalized fullerenes are divided into two classes: exohedral fullerenes with substituents outside the cage and endohedral fullerenes with trapped molecules inside the ...
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They are called intrinsic polymeric fullerenes, or more often all C 60 polymers. Fullerene can be part of a polymer chain in many different ways. Fullerene-containing polymers are divided into following structural categories: Intrinsic polymeric fullerene (homopolymer), Main-chain polymers, Side-chain polymers, Star polymers, Crosslinked polymers,
Alternatively, endohedral hydrogen fullerenes can be produced by opening and closing a fullerene by organic chemistry methods. A recent example of endohedral fullerenes includes single molecules of water encapsulated in C 60. [10] Noble gas endofullerenes are predicted to exhibit unusual polarizability.
These endohedral fullerenes are usually synthesized by doping in the metal atoms in an arc reactor or by laser evaporation. These methods gives low yields of endohedral fullerenes, and a better method involves the opening of the cage, packing in the atoms or molecules, and closing the opening using certain organic reactions. This method ...
Examples include the Dwarf Lulu cattle of the mountains of Nepal with yak blood, [2] the Beefalo of North America with bison genes, the Selembu breed of India and Bhutan with gayal genes. The Madura breed of Indonesia may have banteng in its parentage. [ 3 ]
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