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In this highly specialized endoskeletal structure, the scapula is a dorsal (directed upwards) process attached to the first rib; the coracoid is a posteroventral (directed backward and down) process; and the acromion is a medioventral (directed inwards and down) process (also known as the prescapular process) located at the base of the scapula.
The AC joint is located at the outer end of the clavicle where it attaches to the acromion of the scapula. [2] Symptoms include non-radiating pain which may make it difficult to move the shoulder. The presence of swelling or bruising and a deformity in the shoulder is also common depending on how severe the dislocation is. [2] [1]
The coracoacromial ligament is a strong triangular ligament between the coracoid process and the acromion. It protects the head of the humerus . Its acromial attachment may be repositioned to the clavicle during reconstructive surgery of the acromioclavicular joint (shoulder joint).
The acromioclavicular ligament, which attaches the clavicle to the acromion of the scapula. Superior acromioclavicular ligament. This ligament is a quadrilateral band, covering the superior part of the articulation, and extending between the upper part of the lateral end of the clavicle and the adjoining part of the upper surface of the acromion.
It attaches to the outer clavicle, the acromion process, and into the spine of the scapula. [3] ... The primary cause of shoulder pain is a rotator cuff tear. [20]
The coracoid process acts as an attachment and origin for a large number of muscles (attached muscles not labeled here). The coracoid process is a thick curved process attached by a broad base to the upper part of the neck of the scapula; [2] it runs at first upward and medially; then, becoming smaller, it changes its direction, and projects forward and laterally.
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The range of motion at the shoulder may be limited by pain. A painful arc of movement may be present during forward elevation of the arm from 60° to 120°. [4] Passive movement at the shoulder will appear painful when a downward force is applied at the acromion but the pain will ease once the force is removed. [2]