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Sterilant gas monitoring is the detection of hazardous gases used by health care and other facilities to sterilize medical supplies that cannot be sterilized by heat or steam methods. [1] The current FDA approved sterilant gases are ethylene oxide, [2] hydrogen peroxide [3] and ozone. [4]
In medical sterilization, hydrogen peroxide is used at higher concentrations, ranging from around 35% up to 90%. The biggest advantage of hydrogen peroxide as a sterilant is the short cycle time. Whereas the cycle time for ethylene oxide may be 10 to 15 hours, some modern hydrogen peroxide sterilizers have a cycle time as short as 28 minutes. [44]
Manganese oxide is any of a variety of manganese oxides and hydroxides. [1] These include Manganese(II) oxide, MnO; Manganese(II,III) oxide, Mn 3 O 4; Manganese(III) oxide, Mn 2 O 3; Manganese dioxide, MnO 2; Manganese(VI) oxide, MnO 3; Manganese(VII) oxide, Mn 2 O 7; Other manganese oxides include Mn 5 O 8, Mn 7 O 12 and Mn 7 O 13.
Sterilization can also be achieved using ethylene oxide (ETO) gas. This process was created in the 1950s by the US military [4] and is used on items that cannot withstand the high temperatures of steam sterilization. ETO sterilization takes far longer than steam sterilization and is hazardous to workers, so alternative methods were created in ...
In a classical laboratory demonstration, heating a mixture of potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide produces oxygen gas. Manganese dioxide also catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water: 2 H 2 O 2 → 2 H 2 O + O 2. Manganese dioxide decomposes above about 530 °C to manganese(III) oxide and oxygen.
Nitrous oxide offers the advantages of being self-pressurizing and of being relatively non-toxic, with a specific impulse intermediate between hydrogen peroxide and hydrazine. [17] Nitrous oxide generates oxygen upon decomposition, and it is possible to blend it with fuels to form a monopropellant mixture with a specific impulse up to 325 s ...
In enzymology, a manganese peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.13) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 Mn(II) + 2 H + + H 2 O 2 ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2 Mn(III) + 2 H 2 O The 3 substrates of this enzyme are Mn(II) , H + , and H 2 O 2 , whereas its two products are Mn(III) and H 2 O .
Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.