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  2. Xian (Taoism) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xian_(Taoism)

    The Chinese word xian is translatable into English as: (in Daoist philosophy and cosmology) spiritually immortal; transcendent human; celestial being (in Daoist religion and pantheon) physically immortal; immortal person; an immortal; saint, [2] one who is aligned with Heaven's mandate and does not suffer earthly desires or attachments. [18]

  3. Taoism and death - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoism_and_death

    The two different categories of requirements for immortality include internal alchemy [11] and external alchemy. [12] External alchemy is mastering special breathing techniques, sexual, yoga, attempting to produce an elixir of immortality by consuming purified metals and complex compounds, and developing medical skills. In Taoism, one’s soul ...

  4. Neidan - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neidan

    Development of the immortal embryo in the lower dantian of the Daoist cultivator. Neidan, or internal alchemy (traditional Chinese: 內丹術; simplified Chinese: 內丹术; pinyin: nèidān shù), is an array of esoteric doctrines and physical, mental, and spiritual practices that Taoist initiates use to prolong life and create an immortal spiritual body that would survive after death. [1]

  5. Hun and po - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hun_and_po

    Hun and po are types of souls in Chinese philosophy and traditional religion.Within this ancient soul dualism tradition, every living human has both a hun spiritual, ethereal, yang soul which leaves the body after death, and also a po corporeal, substantive, yin soul which remains with the corpse of the deceased.

  6. Chinese gods and immortals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_gods_and_immortals

    The Chinese idea of the universal God is expressed in different ways. There are many names of God from the different sources of Chinese tradition. [17] The radical Chinese terms for the universal God are Tian (天) and Shangdi (上帝, "Highest Deity") or simply, Dì (帝, "Deity"). [18] [19] There is also the concept of Tàidì (太帝, "Great ...

  7. Taoist philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoist_philosophy

    This text includes Confucian teachings and also spiritual practices meant to aid in attaining immortality and a heavenly state called "great clarity", which had great influence on later Taoism. [32] A later Xuanxue thinker, Zhang Zhan (c. 330–400), is known particularly for his commentary on the Liezi. [30]

  8. Chinese theology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_theology

    Chinese theology, which comes in different interpretations according to the Chinese classics and Chinese folk religion, and specifically Confucian, Taoist, and other philosophical formulations, [1] is fundamentally monistic, [2] that is to say it sees the world and the gods of its phenomena as an organic whole, or cosmos, which continuously emerges from a simple principle. [3]

  9. Shen (Chinese religion) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shen_(Chinese_religion)

    The Oxford English Dictionary (2nd ed.) defines shen in these terms, "In Chinese philosophy: a god, person of supernatural power, or the spirit of a dead person." Shen can also refer to a living, "'spiritual' or 'spiritlike'" person or people when they accomplish things perceived to be superhuman, such as saving "people through the power of ...