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The distribution of a random variable X with distribution function F is said to have a long right tail [1] if for all t > 0, [> + >] =,or equivalently ¯ (+) ¯ (). This has the intuitive interpretation for a right-tailed long-tailed distributed quantity that if the long-tailed quantity exceeds some high level, the probability approaches 1 that it will exceed any other higher level.
Effect of temperature and salinity upon sea water density maximum and sea water freezing temperature. It has long been known that wind can drive ocean currents, but only at the surface. [ 12 ] In the 19th century, some oceanographers suggested that the convection of heat could drive deeper currents.
The common torpedo (Torpedo torpedo), also known as ocellate torpedo or eyed electric ray, is a species of electric ray in the family Torpedinidae.It is found in the Mediterranean Sea and the eastern Atlantic Ocean from the Bay of Biscay to Angola, and is a benthic fish typically encountered over soft substrates in fairly shallow, coastal waters.
A fat-tailed distribution is a probability distribution that exhibits a large skewness or kurtosis, relative to that of either a normal distribution or an exponential distribution. [ when defined as? ] In common usage, the terms fat-tailed and heavy-tailed are sometimes synonymous; fat-tailed is sometimes also defined as a subset of heavy-tailed.
Superdiffusion can be the result of active cellular transport processes or due to jumps with a heavy-tail distribution. [13] α = 2: ballistic motion. The prototypical example is a particle moving at constant velocity: =. >: hyperballistic. It has been observed in optical systems. [14]
A Lévy flight is a random walk in which the step-lengths have a stable distribution, [1] a probability distribution that is heavy-tailed. When defined as a walk in a space of dimension greater than one, the steps made are in isotropic random directions. Later researchers have extended the use of the term "Lévy flight" to also include cases ...
In the sweltering summer heat, nobody tries to cool off by jumping into a hot tub. In parts of Florida, however, that’s what the ocean has felt like. Earlier this week, sea surface temperatures ...
In polar regions and in the deep ocean, where the temperature is a few degrees above freezing point, some large fish, such as the swordfish, marlin and tuna, have a heating mechanism which raises the temperature of the brain and eye, allowing them significantly better vision than their cold-blooded prey.