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  2. Completing the square - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Completing_the_square

    In elementary algebra, completing the square is a technique for converting a quadratic polynomial of the form ⁠ + + ⁠ to the form ⁠ + ⁠ for some values of ⁠ ⁠ and ⁠ ⁠. [1] In terms of a new quantity ⁠ x − h {\displaystyle x-h} ⁠ , this expression is a quadratic polynomial with no linear term.

  3. Quadratic formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic_formula

    To complete the square, form a squared binomial on the left-hand side of a quadratic equation, from which the solution can be found by taking the square root of both sides. The standard way to derive the quadratic formula is to apply the method of completing the square to the generic quadratic equation ⁠ a x 2 + b x + c = 0 {\displaystyle ...

  4. Difference of two squares - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference_of_two_squares

    Another geometric proof proceeds as follows: We start with the figure shown in the first diagram below, a large square with a smaller square removed from it. The side of the entire square is a, and the side of the small removed square is b. The area of the shaded region is . A cut is made, splitting the region into two rectangular pieces, as ...

  5. Methods of computing square roots - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methods_of_computing...

    A method analogous to piece-wise linear approximation but using only arithmetic instead of algebraic equations, uses the multiplication tables in reverse: the square root of a number between 1 and 100 is between 1 and 10, so if we know 25 is a perfect square (5 × 5), and 36 is a perfect square (6 × 6), then the square root of a number greater than or equal to 25 but less than 36, begins with ...

  6. Real-root isolation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-root_isolation

    Budan's may provide a real-root-isolation algorithm for a square-free polynomial (a polynomial without multiple root): from the coefficients of polynomial, one may compute an upper bound M of the absolute values of the roots and a lower bound m on the absolute values of the differences of two roots (see Properties of polynomial roots).

  7. Polynomial root-finding algorithms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polynomial_root-finding...

    This method, called square-free factorization, is based on the multiple roots of a polynomial being the roots of the greatest common divisor of the polynomial and its derivative. The square-free factorization of a polynomial p is a factorization = where each is either 1 or a polynomial without multiple roots, and two different do not have any ...

  8. Square (algebra) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Square_(algebra)

    The square of an integer may also be called a square number or a perfect square. In algebra, the operation of squaring is often generalized to polynomials, other expressions, or values in systems of mathematical values other than the numbers. For instance, the square of the linear polynomial x + 1 is the quadratic polynomial (x + 1) 2 = x 2 ...

  9. Horner's method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horner's_method

    This polynomial is further reduced to = + + which is shown in blue and yields a zero of −5. The final root of the original polynomial may be found by either using the final zero as an initial guess for Newton's method, or by reducing () and solving the linear equation. As can be seen, the expected roots of −8, −5, −3, 2, 3, and 7 were ...