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Natural color in cotton comes from pigments found in cotton; these pigments can produce shades ranging from tan to green and brown. [3] Naturally pigmented green cotton derives its color from caffeic acid, a derivative of cinnamic acid, found in the suberin (wax) layer which is deposited in alternating layers with cellulose around the outside of the cotton fiber.
The main producer of cotton, as of December 2016, is India, at 26%, past China at 20% and the United States at 16%. [64] The leading cotton exporter is the United States, whose production is subsidized by the government, with subsidies estimated at $14 billion between 1995 and 2003.
Sally Fox (born 1955) is a cotton breeder who breeds naturally colored varieties of cotton. She is the inventor of Foxfibre®️ and founder of the company Natural Cotton Colors Inc. Fox invented the first species of environmentally friendly colored cotton that could be spun into thread on a machine.
Cotton is naturally a perennial but is grown as an annual to help control pests. [59] Planting time in spring in the Northern hemisphere varies from the beginning of February to the beginning of June. The area of the United States known as the South Plains is the largest contiguous cotton-growing region in the world.
The cotton textile industry was responsible for a large part of India's international trade. [78] India had a 25% share of the global textile trade in the early 18th century. [79] Indian cotton textiles were the most important manufactured goods in world trade in the 18th century, consumed across the world from the Americas to Japan. [76]
The American artist Miriam C. Rice pioneered research into using various mushrooms for natural dyes. Starting in the late 1960s, she discovered mushroom dyes for a complete rainbow palette. Swedish and American mycologists, building upon Rice's research, have discovered sources for true blues ( Sarcodon squamosus ) and mossy greens ( Hydnellum ...
Cotton fields in the United States. The United States exports more cotton than any other country, though it ranks third in total production, behind China and India. [1] Almost all of the cotton fiber growth and production occurs in the Southern United States and the Western United States, dominated by Texas, California, Arizona, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Louisiana.
Most natural fibers have natural color, the natural color of the cotton cloth is off-white or beige when it is undyed or not processed. [25] Because of the presence of natural pigment, wool has a slight yellow tint, [ 26 ] though the color is undesirable and is removed during the pre-treatment processes of scouring and bleaching.