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The 1860 United States census was the eighth census conducted in the United States starting June 1, 1860, and lasting five months. It determined the population of the United States to be 31,443,321 [ 1 ] in 33 states and 10 organized territories.
As the United States has grown in area and population, new states have been formed out of U.S. territories or the division of existing states. The population figures provided here reflect modern state boundaries. Shaded areas of the tables indicate census years when a territory or the part of another state had not yet been admitted as a new state.
Before the American Civil War, the United States was known as the "United States' federal union", a union of states controlled by the federal government in Washington, D.C. [8] [9] This was opposite to the CSA's first government, a confederation of independent states, functioning similarly to the European Union.
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Map of the division of the states during the Civil War. Blue represents Union states, including those admitted during the war; light blue represents southern border states; red represents Confederate states. Unshaded areas were not states before or during the Civil War. Historical military map of the border and southern states by Phelps ...
The American Civil War (April 12, 1861 – May 26, 1865; also known by other names) was a civil war in the United States between the Union [e] ("the North") and the Confederacy ("the South"), which was formed in 1861 by states that had seceded from the Union.
The eleven Confederate States in the 1860 United States census had 297 towns and cities with 835,000 people; of these 162 with 681,000 people were at one point occupied by Union forces.
Map of the unorganized territory, 1860 Map of the Confederate States including the mostly Union-aligned but deeply divided and split southern border states of Missouri and Kentucky which both had Confederate state governments as well as Unionist, the Arizona Territory, and allied tribes in present-day Oklahoma