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The IGF axis has been shown to play roles in the promotion of cell proliferation and the inhibition of cell death . Insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2, at times IGF-II) is thought to be a primary growth factor required for early development while IGF-1 expression is required for achieving maximal growth.
Low IGF-1 levels are shown to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. [67] On the other hand, a high IGF-1 bioavailability in people with diabetes may delay or prevent diabetes-associated complications, as it improves impaired small blood vessel function. [67] IGF-1 has been characterized as an insulin sensitizer ...
IGF-2 is sometimes produced in excess in islet cell tumors and non-islet hypoglycemic cell tumors, causing hypoglycemia. Doege-Potter syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome [ 17 ] in which hypoglycemia is associated with the presence of one or more non-islet fibrous tumors in the pleural cavity .
The IGF-1 receptor seems to be the "physiologic" receptor—it binds IGF-1 at significantly higher affinity than it binds insulin. [9] Like the insulin receptor, the IGF-1 receptor is a receptor tyrosine kinase—meaning it signals by causing the addition of a phosphate molecule on particular tyrosines.
This list of over 500 monoclonal antibodies includes approved and investigational drugs as well as drugs that have been withdrawn from market; consequently, the column Use does not necessarily indicate clinical usage. See the list of FDA-approved therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in the monoclonal antibody therapy page.
Approximately 98% of IGF-1 is always bound to one of six binding proteins (IGF-BP). IGFBP-3, the most abundant protein, accounts for 80% of all IGF binding. IGF-1 binds to IGFBP-3 in a 1:1 molar ratio. IGF-BP also binds to IGF-1 inside the liver, allowing growth hormone to continuously act upon the liver to produce more IGF-1.
The water-accessible surface area of an IgG antibody. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. [1] IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG antibody has two paratopes.
Somatomedin is abbreviated to IGF, in reference to insulin-like growth factor. There are two types: Insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R)