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Genetic, [1] epigenetic, [2] proteomic, [3] glycomic, [4] and imaging biomarkers can be used for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and epidemiology. Ideally, such biomarkers can be assayed in non-invasively collected biofluids like blood or serum. [5] Cancer is a disease that affects society at a world-wide level.
A panel of epigenetic methylation marker has been explored for prognosis of ovarian cancer, and it is reported that the panel exhibited high specificity and sensitivity (both above 70%) as a screen marker. [5] Epigenetic markers have also shown promising potential as prognostic markers for bladder cancer. [6]
A tumor marker is a biomarker that can be used to indicate the presence of cancer or the behavior of cancers (measure progression or response to therapy). They can be found in bodily fluids or tissue. Markers can help with assessing prognosis, surveilling patients after surgical removal of tumors, and even predicting drug-response and monitor ...
Prognostic marker in cancer [ edit ] Increased NLR is associated with poor prognosis of various cancers, [ 4 ] such as esophageal , [ 5 ] liver , [ 6 ] ovarian , [ 7 ] pancreatic , [ 8 ] prostate [ 9 ] and stomach cancer .
It is also widely known that cholesterol values are a biomarker and risk indicator for coronary and vascular disease, and that C-reactive protein is a marker for inflammation. Biomarkers are useful in a number of ways, including measuring the progress of disease, evaluating the most effective therapeutic regimes for a particular cancer type ...
In biomedical contexts, a biomarker, or biological marker, is a measurable indicator of some biological state or condition. Biomarkers are often measured and evaluated using blood, urine, or soft tissues [ 1 ] to examine normal biological processes , pathogenic processes, or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention . [ 2 ]
Despite cancer cells causing increased inflammation and angiogenesis, they also appear to be able to avoid interaction with the body's immune system via a loss of interleukin-33. (See cancer immunology) Cancer cells tend to employ various strategies that allow them to evade the body’s immune system. This particular hallmark allows tumor cells ...
In addition, low-grade chronic inflammation, as indicated by levels of the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein, prospectively defines risk of atherosclerotic complications, thus adding to prognostic information provided by traditional risk factors, such as LDL levels. [34] [33]