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Amphetamine type stimulants can be used in the treatment of narcolepsy, a rare neurological disorder where the brain is unable to regulate the sleep-wake mechanism. [17] Amphetamines causes an increase in dopamine release, which is the proposed mechanism for its wake-promoting effect. [18]
3-Methylamphetamine (3-MeA; PAL-314) is a stimulant drug from the amphetamine family. It is self-administered by mice to a similar extent to 4-fluoroamphetamine and has comparable properties as a monoamine releaser, [1] although with a more balanced release of all three monoamines, as opposed to the more dopamine/noradrenaline selective fluoro analogues.
[25] [144] When taken orally, 30–54% of the dose is excreted in urine as methamphetamine and 10–23% as amphetamine. [144] Following IV doses, about 45% is excreted as methamphetamine and 7% as amphetamine. [144] The elimination half-life of methamphetamine varies with a range of 5–30 hours, but it is on average 9 to 12 hours in most studies.
The adverse side effects of amphetamine are many and varied, and the amount of amphetamine used is the primary factor in determining the likelihood and severity of adverse effects. [29] [41] Amphetamine products such as Adderall, Dexedrine, and their generic equivalents are currently approved by the U.S. FDA for long-term therapeutic use.
Dimethylamphetamine has weaker stimulant effects than amphetamine or methamphetamine and is considerably less addictive [1] and less neurotoxic compared to methamphetamine. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] However, it still retains some mild stimulant effects and abuse potential, [ 4 ] and is a Schedule I controlled drug.
MDA is a substituted methylenedioxylated phenethylamine and amphetamine derivative. In relation to other phenethylamines and amphetamines, it is the 3,4-methylenedioxy, α-methyl derivative of β-phenylethylamine, the 3,4-methylenedioxy derivative of amphetamine, and the N-desmethyl derivative of MDMA.
MDEA is a substituted amphetamine and a substituted methylenedioxyphenethylamine. MDEA acts as a serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine releasing agent and reuptake inhibitor. [1] Possession of MDEA is illegal in most countries. Some limited exceptions exist for scientific and medical research.
meta-Methoxyamphetamine [1] (MMA), also known as 3-methoxyamphetamine (3-MA), is a stimulant drug from the amphetamine family. It has similar effects in animal drug discrimination tests to the more widely known derivative 4-methoxyamphetamine (PMA), [2] although with a slightly different ratio of monoamine release, being a combined serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine releasing agent rather ...