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Ahmad Shāh Durrānī (Pashto: احمد شاه دراني; Persian: احمد شاه درانی), also known as Ahmad Shāh Abdālī (Pashto: احمد شاه ابدالي), was the first Shah and founder of the Durrani Empire, and is often regarded as the founder of modern Afghanistan.
The victory at Panipat was the high point of Ahmad Shah. The Durrani was the second largest Islamic empire in the world, behind the Ottoman Empire at that time. [14] However, even prior to his death, the empire began to unravel. In 1762, Ahmad Shah crossed the passes from Afghanistan for the sixth time to subdue the Sikhs.
On 30 January, Ahmad Shah minted coins in his name, and married his son, Timur Shah Durrani, to a daughter of Alamgir II. [27] Ahmad Shah then ordered all Hindus to wear distinctive marks on their head, [28] as well as forbidding non-Muslims from wearing the turban. Extortionate demands were also placed upon the Mughal nobility.
The Durrani Empire, [b] colloquially known as the Afghan Empire, [c] [9] or the Sadozai Kingdom, [d] [10] was an Afghan empire founded by the Durrani tribe of Pashtuns under Ahmad Shah Durrani in 1747, which spanned parts of Central Asia, the Iranian plateau, and the Indian subcontinent.
Ahmad Shah Durrani (also known as Ahmad Shah Abdali), the founder of the Durrani Empire, invaded Indian subcontinent a total of eight times between 1748 and 1767, following the collapse of Mughal Empire in the mid-18th century. His objectives were met through the raids (taking the wealth and destroying sacred places belonging to the Indians ...
The Tarikh-i Ahmad Shahi traces the life and deeds of Ahmad Shah Durrani, with most of the manuscript devoted to events that occurred after 1747. [11] Rather than being a history of a particular region, it was a biography of Ahmad Shah. Ahmad Shah's reign is covered in varied lengths of folios by Al-Husayni. [11]
Ahmad Shah Durrani, who is considered the founder of the modern state of Afghanistan, belonged to the Abdali tribe. In 1747 after establishing the Durrani Empire based in Kandahar, he adopted the epithet Shāh Durr-i-Durrān, "King, Pearl of Pearls," and changed the name of his Tareen Abdali tribe to "Durrani" after himself. [1] [2]
Ahmad Shah Durrani and the Afghan forces entered Lahore on January 12, 1748, [9] and released the members of the old Lahore government who had been imprisoned by Shah Nawaz. [9] Mir Momin Khan, Lakhpath Rai and Surat Singh all pled with Durrani to spare the city from plunder, and paid him a ransom. [ 18 ]