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  2. Pre-determined overhead rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-determined_overhead_rate

    A pre-determined overhead rate is normally the term when using a single, plant-wide base to calculate and apply overhead. Overhead is then applied by multiplying the pre-determined overhead rate by the actual driver units. Any difference between applied overhead and the amount of overhead actually incurred is called over- or under-applied overhead.

  3. Variable cost - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_cost

    For example, variable manufacturing overhead costs are variable costs that are indirect costs, not direct costs. Variable costs are sometimes called unit-level costs as they vary with the number of units produced. Direct labor and overhead are often called conversion cost, [3] while direct material and direct labor are often referred to as ...

  4. Techno-economic assessment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Techno-economic_assessment

    Spreadsheet modeling is often preferred for early-stage technologies and startups since it tends to offer greater flexibility, accessibility, and transparency. Process simulators, on the other hand, offer more powerful process simulation capabilities, greater standardization, and integrated cost-estimation modules.

  5. Cost estimate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_estimate

    Other costs and pricing are added, such as overhead, profit, sales or use taxes, payment and performance bonds, escalation, and contingency. [31] The costs which are applied to the line-item quantities may come from a cost book (either internal or external) or cost database. For construction contractors or construction managers it is important ...

  6. Factory overhead - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factory_overhead

    Factory overhead, also called manufacturing overhead, manufacturing overhead costs (MOH cost), work overhead, or factory burden in American English, is the total cost involved in operating all production facilities of a manufacturing business that cannot be traced directly to a product. [1] It generally applies to indirect labor and indirect cost.

  7. Cost breakdown analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_breakdown_analysis

    Overhead is an ongoing business expense which cannot directly be allocated to a particular cost unit, which is why they belong to the so-called hidden costs. [7] Despite not directly creating profits, they do still contribute to the ongoing business activities. [8] [9] Overhead can, for instance, be in the form of company cars. Buying a company ...

  8. List of abbreviations in oil and gas exploration and production

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_abbreviations_in...

    VBR – variable bore ram; VCCS – vertical clamp connection system; VDENL – variation density log; VDL – variable density log; VDU – vacuum distillation unit, used in processing bitumen [citation needed] VELL – velocity log; VERAN – verticality analysis; VERIF – verification list; VERLI – verification listing; VERTK – vertical ...

  9. Economic production quantity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_production_quantity

    The economic production quantity model (also known as the EPQ model) determines the quantity a company or retailer should order to minimize the total inventory costs by balancing the inventory holding cost and average fixed ordering cost.