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Italian Ethiopia (Italian: Etiopia italiana), also known as the Italian Empire of Ethiopia, [1] was the territory of the Ethiopian Empire, which Italy occupied for approximately five years. [2]
Italian East Africa (Italian: Africa Orientale Italiana, AOI) [3] was an Italian colony in the Horn of Africa. It was formed in 1936 after the Second Italo-Ethiopian War through the merger of Italian Somaliland, Italian Eritrea, and the newly occupied Ethiopian Empire. [4] Italian East Africa was divided into six governorates.
Map of Italian East Africa after Italy's annexation of Ethiopia. Victory was announced on 9 May 1936 and Mussolini declared the creation of the "Italian Empire". The Italians merged Eritrea, Italian Somalia, and newly occupation Ethiopia into Italian East Africa (Africa Orientale Italiana, A.O.I.).
The Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889 was an undeclared war between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ethiopian Empire occurring during the Italian colonization of Eritrea.The conflict ended with a treaty of friendship, which delimited the border between Ethiopia and Italian Eritrea but contained clauses whose different interpretations led to another Italo-Ethiopian war.
Italy's search for colonies continued until February 1885, when, by secret agreement with Britain, it annexed the port of Massawa in Eritrea on the Red Sea from the crumbling Egyptian Empire. Italian annexation of Massawa denied the Ethiopian Empire of Yohannes IV an outlet to the sea. [17]
Italy announced the annexation of the territory of Ethiopia on 7 May and Italian King Victor Emmanuel III was proclaimed emperor on 9 May. The provinces of Eritrea, Italian Somaliland and Abyssinia (Ethiopia) were united to form the Italian province of East Africa. Fighting between Italian and Ethiopian troops persisted until 19 February 1937. [16]
Italian dictator Benito Mussolini had long held a desire for a new Italian Empire. Reminiscent of the Roman Empire, Mussolini's new empire was to rule over the Mediterranean and North Africa. His new empire would also avenge past Italian defeats. Chief among these defeats was the Battle of Adwa which took place in Ethiopia on 1 March 1896.
Ual-Ual, better known as Walwal or Welwel, was an important complex of 359 wells used by Somali, English, Italian and Ethiopian nomads, located within the deserts of the Ogaden, in an area where the borders were not well defined, between Italian Somalia and the Ethiopian Empire. [5]