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The Committee Against Torture (CAT) is a treaty body of human rights experts that monitors implementation of the United Nations Convention against Torture by state parties. The committee is one of eight UN-linked human rights treaty bodies.
The International Law Commission defines an "expert treaty body" as: "a body consisting of experts serving in their personal capacity, which is established under a treaty and is not an organ of an international organization." [1] A research guide published by the UN library lists key characteristics of human rights treaty-based bodies: [2]
Due to these limitations, in 2021, the maximum number of state ratifications that a multilateral treaty can have is 198; this total consists of all 193 UN member states; both UN observer states, the Holy See (Vatican City) and the State of Palestine; as well as the Cook Islands, Niue, and Kosovo (member states of eight, five, and two UN specialized agencies respectively).
Papua New Guinea–Solomon Islands Maritime Boundary Treaty; Paris Agreement; Convention on the Political Rights of Women; Protocol for Limiting and Regulating the Cultivation of the Poppy Plant, the Production of, International and Wholesale Trade in, and Use of Opium; Convention on the Privileges and Immunities of the United Nations
In some cases these bodies that may have relatively little political authority or legal means, and may be ignored by member states; in other cases these mechanisms have bodies with great political authority and their decisions are almost always implemented. A good example of the latter is the European Court of Human Rights.
The Palace of Nations.The United Nations Office at Geneva (Switzerland) is the second most important UN centre, after the United Nations Headquarters.. While the Secretariat of the United Nations is headquartered in New York City, its many bodies, specialized agencies, and related organizations are headquartered in other parts of the world, particularly in Europe.
The UN has published guidance for states on reporting to the Committee and other human rights treaty bodies. [16] The principal purpose of the report is to promote state compliance with the treaty principles and it should be an "honest appraisal of their conformity to the treaty obligations".
The UN has six principal organs: The General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly);; The Security Council (decides certain resolutions for peace and security);; The Economic and Social Council (assists in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development);