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Ethnic separatism can be based on cultural, linguistic as well as religious or racial differences. Ethnic separatist movements were relevant since they represented historical delineations between states, or in recent times, were the cause of conflicts between peoples in Europe, Africa and Asia with different ethnic/linguistic origins.
In the literature on insurgency and civil war, "ethnonationalism" and "separatism" are treated as conceptually distinct from rebellion, insurgency, or civil war more generally (for instance, Ayres and Saideman 2000 and Cederman et al. 2011 to name two prominent examples off the top of my head).--Jsorens 19:31, 2 December 2011 (UTC)
European Free Alliance, political party that consists of various regionalist, separatist and ethnic minority political parties in Europe; Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization; Political parties of minorities. List of regional and minority parties in Europe; List of minority political parties; Separatism
Ethnic cleansing is similar to forced deportation or population transfer. While ethnic cleansing and genocide may share the same goal and methods (e.g., forced displacement), ethnic cleansing is intended to displace a persecuted population from a given territory, while genocide is intended to destroy a group. [53] [54]
The post-war agreements, such as the League of Nations mandate system, promoted "a new political language of ethnic separatism as a central aspect of national self-determination, while protecting and disguising continuities and even expansions of French and, especially, British imperial powers.
The separatist movement in Balochistan is engaged in a low-intensity insurgency against the Government of Pakistan. [8] [6]In 2009, the Pew Research Center conducted a Global Attitudes survey across Pakistan, in which it questioned respondents whether they viewed their primary identity as Pakistani or that of their ethnicity.
Sociologist Jack Katz is recognized by many as being a foundational figure to this approach [4] through his seminal work, Seductions of Crime, written in 1988. [5] Cultural criminology as a substantive approach, however, did not begin to form until the mid-1990s, [6] where increasing interest arose from the desire to incorporate cultural studies into contemporary criminology.
African-American self-determination refers to efforts to secure self-determination for African-Americans and related peoples in North America. It often intersects with the historic Back-to-Africa movement and general Black separatism, but also manifests in present and historic demands for self-determination on North American soil, ranging from autonomy to independence.