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In physics, and in particular as measured by radiometry, radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic [1] and gravitational radiation. As energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). The quantity of radiant energy may be calculated by integrating radiant flux (or power ) with respect to time .
Radiant energy per unit volume. Radiant flux: Φ e [nb 2] watt: W = J/s M⋅L 2 ⋅T −3: Radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. This is sometimes also called "radiant power", and called luminosity in Astronomy. Spectral flux: Φ e,ν [nb 3] watt per hertz: W/Hz: M⋅L 2 ⋅T −2: Radiant flux per unit ...
Radiant energy per unit volume. Radiant flux: Φ e [nb 2] watt: W = J/s M⋅L 2 ⋅T −3: Radiant energy emitted, reflected, transmitted or received, per unit time. This is sometimes also called "radiant power", and called luminosity in Astronomy. Spectral flux: Φ e,ν [nb 3] watt per hertz: W/Hz: M⋅L 2 ⋅T −2: Radiant flux per unit ...
[3] [4] Today the device is mainly used in physics education as a demonstration of a heat engine run by light energy. It was invented in 1873 by the chemist Sir William Crookes as the by-product of some chemical research. In the course of very accurate quantitative chemical work, he was weighing samples in a partially evacuated chamber to ...
In radiometry, radiant exposure or fluence is the radiant energy received by a surface per unit area, or equivalently the irradiance of a surface, integrated over time of irradiation, and spectral exposure is the radiant exposure per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength.
In common usage, the symbol used for radiant exitance (often called radiant emittance) varies among different texts and in different fields. The Stefan–Boltzmann law may be expressed as a formula for radiance as a function of temperature. Radiance is measured in watts per square metre per steradian (W⋅m −2 ⋅sr −1).
Examples of large transformations between rest energy (of matter) and other forms of energy (e.g., kinetic energy into particles with rest mass) are found in nuclear physics and particle physics. Often, however, the complete conversion of matter (such as atoms) to non-matter (such as photons) is forbidden by conservation laws .
Nuclear potential energy; Radiant energy – (≥0), energy of electromagnetic radiation including light and of gravitational radiation; Renewable energy – energy from renewable natural resources that are replenished on a human timescale; Rest energy – (≥0) given by E = mc 2, where m is an object's rest mass; Solar energy; Surface energy ...