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Hydrometallurgy involve the use of aqueous solutions for the recovery of metals from ores, concentrates, and recycled or residual materials. [1] [2] Processing techniques that complement hydrometallurgy are pyrometallurgy, vapour metallurgy, and molten salt electrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy is typically divided into three general areas:
Small round water jacket furnace for silver-lead ore . A water jacket furnace could be used to reduce non-ferrous oxide ores mixed with coke, to produce metal, but its main use was smelting the more common sulphide ores. The feedstock was the ore, coke and fluxes. When smelting lead sulphide ores, a water jacket furnace produces molten lead and ...
In metallurgy, refining consists of purifying an impure metal. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining the final material is chemically identical to the raw material.
Other metals are recovered from the process include copper, zinc, and silver, but gold is the main driver of this technology. [1] Due to the highly poisonous nature of cyanide, the process is controversial and its use is banned in some parts of the world. Cyanide can be safely used in the gold mining industry. [3]
The National Water Quality Inventory Report to Congress is a general report on water quality, providing overall information about the number of miles of streams and rivers and their aggregate condition. [65] The CWA requires states to adopt standards for each of the possible designated uses that they assign to their waters.
A good example of the autoclave leach process can also be found in the metallurgy of zinc. It is best described by the following chemical reaction: [citation needed] 2 ZnS + O 2 + 2 H 2 SO 4 → 2 ZnSO 4 + 2 H 2 O + 2 S. This reaction proceeds at temperatures above the boiling point of water, thus creating a vapour pressure inside the vessel.
Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
Crushing, a form of comminution, one of the unit operations of mineral processing. Mineral processing is the process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores in the field of extractive metallurgy. [1]