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  2. History of metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_metaphysics

    The analytic view is of metaphysics as studying phenomenal human concepts rather than making claims about the noumenal world, so its style often blurs into philosophy of language and introspective psychology. Compared to system-building, it can seem very dry, stylistically similar to computer programming, mathematics or even accountancy (as a ...

  3. List of metaphysicians - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_metaphysicians

    This is a list of metaphysicians, philosophers who specialize in metaphysics. See also Lists of philosophers . This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness.

  4. History of psychology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_psychology

    Many cultures throughout history have speculated on the nature of the mind, heart, soul, spirit, brain, etc. For instance, in Ancient Egypt, the Edwin Smith Papyrus contains an early description of the brain, and some speculations on its functions (described in a medical/surgical context) and the descriptions could be related to Imhotep who was the first Egyptian physician who anatomized and ...

  5. Metaphysics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaphysics

    The beginning of Aristotle's Metaphysics, one of the foundational texts of the discipline. Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality. It is traditionally seen as the study of mind-independent features of the world, but some theorists view it as an inquiry into the fundamental categories of human ...

  6. Panpsychism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panpsychism

    Illustration of the Neoplatonic concept of the anima mundi emanating from The Absolute, in some ways a precursor to modern panpsychism. In the philosophy of mind, panpsychism (/ p æ n ˈ s aɪ k ɪ z əm /) is the view that the mind or a mind-like aspect is a fundamental and ubiquitous feature of reality. [1]

  7. René Descartes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/René_Descartes

    René Descartes (/ d eɪ ˈ k ɑːr t / day-KART or UK: / ˈ d eɪ k ɑːr t / DAY-kart; French: [ʁəne dekaʁt] ⓘ; [note 3] [11] 31 March 1596 – 11 February 1650) [12] [13]: 58 was a French philosopher, scientist, and mathematician, widely considered a seminal figure in the emergence of modern philosophy and science.

  8. History of philosophy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_philosophy

    He followed Aristotle in regarding metaphysics as the first philosophy and the highest science. From his theological perspective, metaphysics studies the essence and attributes of God. He drew on Plotinus's doctrine of the One to argue for the oneness and perfection of God. For Al-Kindi, God emanates the universe by "bringing being to be from ...

  9. Wilhelm Wundt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm_Wundt

    His lectures on psychology were published as Lectures on Human and Animal Psychology in 1863–1864. Wundt applied himself to writing a work that came to be one of the most important in the history of psychology, Principles of Physiological Psychology, in 1874. This was the first textbook that was written pertaining to the field of experimental ...