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LILO (Linux Loader) is a boot loader for Linux and was the default boot loader for most Linux distributions. Unlike loadlin , it allowed booting Linux without having DOS on the computer. [ 3 ] As of 2009, most distributions had switched to GRUB as the default boot loader. [ 4 ]
GNU GRUB (short for GNU GRand Unified Bootloader, commonly referred to as GRUB) is a boot loader package from the GNU Project.GRUB is the reference implementation of the Free Software Foundation's Multiboot Specification, which provides a user the choice to boot one of multiple operating systems installed on a computer or select a specific kernel configuration available on a particular ...
The second-stage loader (stage2, the /boot/grub/ files) is loaded by the stage1.5 and displays the GRUB startup menu that allows the user to choose an operating system or examine and edit startup parameters. After a menu entry is chosen and optional parameters are given, GRUB loads the linux kernel into memory and passes control to it.
Advanced command Scriptable Supported architecture Supported executable Supported protocol Supported decompression Others GRUB Legacy: Yes No x86 (PC) Multiboot 1, Linux zImage, Linux bzImage and others TFTP gzip GRUB 2: Yes Yes x86 (PC, EFI, UEFI, coreboot, OLPC), IA-64, ARM (U-Boot, UEFI), PowerPC (OpenFirmware), MIPS, SPARC (OpenFirmware)
In x86 computers, a first-stage bootloader is a compact 512-byte program that resides in the master boot record (MBR) and executes when a computer starts. Running in 16-bit real mode at address 0x7C00, it performs minimal hardware initialization, sets up a basic execution environment, and locates the second-stage bootloader.
In the example 2 above, GRUB 2 stores its core.img in a BIOS boot partition. When used, the BIOS boot partition contains the second stage of the boot loader program, such as the GRUB 2; the first stage is the code that is contained within the Master Boot Record (MBR). Use of this partition is not the only way BIOS-based boot can be performed ...
On a Linux system, the boot partition (/boot) may be encrypted if the bootloader itself supports LUKS (e.g. GRUB). This is undertaken to prevent tampering with the Linux kernel. However, the first stage bootloader or an EFI system partition cannot be encrypted (see Full disk encryption#The boot key problem). [14]
The operating system provides GUIs for all operations, instead of focusing on the command line like Arch Linux. [6] Garuda Linux installation process is done with Calamares, a graphical installer. The bootloader used is GRUB. The distribution uses the btrfs file system by default which supports snapshots. [2]