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Ā, lowercase ā ("A with macron"), is a grapheme, a Latin A with a macron, used in several orthographies.Ā is used to denote a long A.Examples are the Baltic languages (e.g. Latvian), Polynesian languages, including Māori and Moriori, some romanizations of Japanese, Persian, Pashto, Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (which represents a long A sound) and Arabic, and some Latin texts (especially for ...
A macron (/ ˈ m æ k r ɒ n, ˈ m eɪ-/ MAK-ron, MAY-) is a diacritical mark: it is a straight bar ¯ placed above a letter, usually a vowel.Its name derives from Ancient Greek μακρόν (makrón) 'long' because it was originally used to mark long or heavy syllables in Greco-Roman metrics.
Occasional and inconsistent vowel-length markings occur in 19th-century manuscripts and newspapers written by Māori, including macron-like diacritics and doubling of letters. Māori writer Hare Hongi (Henry Stowell) used macrons in his Maori-English Tutor and Vade Mecum of 1911, [ 97 ] as does Sir Āpirana Ngata (albeit inconsistently) in his ...
Since about 2015, macrons have rapidly become standard usage for Māori loanwords in New Zealand English in media, law, government, and education. [2] Recently some anglicised words have been replaced with spellings that better reflect the original Māori word ( Whanganui for Wanganui, Remutaka for Rimutaka).
The use of Māori words in New Zealand English has increased since the 1990s, [2] [3] and English-language publications increasingly use macrons to indicate long vowels. [4] Māori words are usually not italicised in New Zealand English, and most publications follow the Māori-language convention of the same word for singular and plural (e.g ...
A page from an 1856 book illustrating the letters of the alphabet for Gamilaraay at that time. Note the use of the letter eng (ŋ) and macrons (ˉ).. Prior to the arrival of Europeans, Australian Aboriginal languages had been purely spoken languages, and had no writing system.
Roopu or Rōpū is a Māori word for an organisation, group, or collective. The term is widely used throughout New Zealand as part of the name of organisations, especially those which have a strong connection with the New Zealand Māori population.
Kākāpō" is increasingly written in New Zealand English with the macrons that indicate long vowels. [19] [20] [21] The correct pronunciation in Māori is [kaːkaːpɔː]; other colloquial pronunciations exist, however. These include the British English / ˈ k ɑː k ə p oʊ / (KAH-kə-poh), [22] as defined in the Chambers Dictionary in 2003 ...