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Castellano septentrional ("Northern Castilian") is the Spanish term for the dialects from the Northern half of Spain, including those from Aragón or Navarre, which were never part of Castile. These dialects can be distinguished from the southern varieties of Andalusia, Extremadura, and Murcia. [8]
Septentrional, meaning "of the north", is a Latinate adjective sometimes used in English. It is a form of the Latin noun septentriones, which refers to the seven stars of the Plough (Big Dipper), occasionally called the Septentrion. In the 18th century, septentrional languages was a recognised term for the Germanic languages. [1]
Castilian (castellano), that is, Spanish, is the native language of the Castilians.Its origin is traditionally ascribed to an area south of the Cordillera Cantábrica, including the upper Ebro valley, in northern Spain, around the 8th and 9th centuries; however, the first written standard was developed in the 13th century in the southern city of Toledo.
Castellano (as well as Castilian in English) has another, more restricted, meaning, relating either to the old Romance language spoken in the Kingdom of Castile in the Middle Ages, predecessor of the modern Spanish language, or to the variety of Spanish nowadays spoken in the historical region of Castile, in central Spain.
These were still distinct phonemes in Old Spanish, judging by the consistency with which the graphemes b and v were distinguished. [a] Nevertheless, the two could be confused in consonant clusters (as in alba ~ alva “dawn”) or in word-initial position, perhaps after /n/ or a pause.
Spanish (español) or Castilian (castellano) is a Romance language of the Indo-European language family that evolved from the Vulgar Latin spoken on the Iberian Peninsula of Europe. Today, it is a global language with about 500 million native speakers, mainly in the Americas and Spain, and about 600 million when including second language speakers.
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Septentrional, a Latinate word once used in English and French to refer to northern regions; Septentrionalist, referring to the Viking revival of the 18th and 19th centuries; Operation Septentrion, a 2009 ISAF military operation in Afghanistan; Septentrional-Oriente fault zone, a geological fault in the Caribbean