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Many animals eat unripe acorns on the tree or ripe acorns from the ground, with no reproductive benefit to the oak, but some animals, such as squirrels and jays serve as seed dispersal agents. Jays and squirrels that scatter-hoard acorns in caches for future use effectively plant acorns in a variety of locations in which it is possible for them ...
Galls (upper left and right) formed on acorns on the branch of a pedunculate (or English) oak tree by the parthenogenetic generation Andricus quercuscalicis.. The large 2 cm gall growth appears as a mass of green to yellowish-green, ridged, and at first sticky plant tissue on the bud of the oak, that breaks out as the gall between the cup and the acorn.
At the end of the growing season, a one-year sapling may have a taproot 1.37 m (4 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft) deep and a lateral root spread of 76 cm (2 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft). [10] The West Virginia state champion bur oak has a trunk diameter of almost 3 m (10 ft). Large bur oaks, older than 12 years, [11] are fire-tolerant because of their thick bark. [10]
The "Henley Oak", in Covelo, California, is the tallest known valley oak, at 47 m (153 ft). [7] [8] The branches have an irregular, spreading and arching appearance. During autumn, the leaves turn a yellow to light orange color but become brown later in the season. In advancing age, the branches droop. The trees have pewter-colored rippled bark ...
The cork oak develops a taproot that reaches a depth of 1 to 2 m (3 + 1 ⁄ 4 to 6 + 1 ⁄ 2 ft) and from which several meters long, horizontally running side roots extend. [9] The trees can live over 400 years, and harvested specimens can be 150 to 200 years old. [6] [7]
Quercus ilex, the holm oak, [2] [3] also (ambiguously, as many oaks are evergreen) evergreen oak, [4] is a large evergreen oak native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the section Ilex of the genus, [ 5 ] [ 6 ] with acorns that mature in a single summer.
Acorns from Quercus acutissima. Quercus acutissima is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 25–30 metres (82–98 feet) tall with a trunk up to 1.5 m (5 ft) in diameter.
The tree crown is very dense, making it valuable for shade, and the species provides nest sites for many mammal species. Native Americans extracted a cooking oil from the acorns, used all parts of live oak for medicinal purposes, leaves for making rugs, and bark for dyes. [21] The roots of seedlings sometimes form starchy, edible tubers.