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File verification is the process of using an algorithm for verifying the integrity of a computer file, usually by checksum.This can be done by comparing two files bit-by-bit, but requires two copies of the same file, and may miss systematic corruptions which might occur to both files.
SHA-2: A family of two similar hash functions, with different block sizes, known as SHA-256 and SHA-512. They differ in the word size; SHA-256 uses 32-bit words where SHA-512 uses 64-bit words. There are also truncated versions of each standard, known as SHA-224, SHA-384, SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256. These were also designed by the NSA.
SHA-2 (Secure Hash Algorithm 2) is a set of cryptographic hash functions designed by the United States National Security Agency (NSA) and first published in 2001. [3] [4] They are built using the Merkle–Damgård construction, from a one-way compression function itself built using the Davies–Meyer structure from a specialized block cipher.
SHA-2 basically consists of two hash algorithms: SHA-256 and SHA-512. SHA-224 is a variant of SHA-256 with different starting values and truncated output. SHA-384 and the lesser-known SHA-512/224 and SHA-512/256 are all variants of SHA-512. SHA-512 is more secure than SHA-256 and is commonly faster than SHA-256 on 64-bit machines such as AMD64.
10 BLAKE3: Unlimited [note 4] 256 [note 5] 512 64 32 7 GOST: 256 256 256 256 32 32 HAVAL: 256/224/192/160/128 256 1024 64 32 3/4/5 MD2: 128 384 128 – 32 18 MD4: 128 128 512 64 32 3 MD5: 128 128 512 64 32 64 PANAMA: 256 8736 256 – 32 – RadioGatún: Unlimited [note 6] 58 words 19 words [note 7] – 1–64 [note 8] 18 [note 9] RIPEMD: 128 ...
The physical phenomena on which the device relies (such as spinning platters in a hard drive) will also impose limits; for instance, no spinning platter shipping in 2009 saturates SATA revision 2.0 (3 Gbit/s), so moving from this 3 Gbit/s interface to USB 3.0 at 4.8 Gbit/s for one spinning drive will result in no increase in realized transfer rate.
Microsoft Windows: Microsoft Windows 7 SP1 (32/64-bit) or higher; 2 GB RAM (64-Bit OS), 1 GB RAM (32-bit OS) 250 MB free disk space; MacOS: Mac OS 10.12 (or higher) 2 GB RAM; 40 MB free disk space; Active internet connection needed for protection and product updates
This is especially true of cryptographic hash functions, which may be used to detect many data corruption errors and verify overall data integrity; if the computed checksum for the current data input matches the stored value of a previously computed checksum, there is a very high probability the data has not been accidentally altered or corrupted.