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A separated shoulder, also known as acromioclavicular joint injury, is a common injury to the acromioclavicular joint. [2] The AC joint is located at the outer end of the clavicle where it attaches to the acromion of the scapula. [2] Symptoms include non-radiating pain which may make it difficult to move the shoulder.
It may be damaged during a shoulder injury. [4] The attachment of the coracoacromial ligament may be moved from acromion to the end of the clavicle when reconstructing the acromioclavicular joint. [5] [6] This often fails. [5] It has lower strength than the coracoclavicular ligament. [6]
Subacromial bursitis is a condition caused by inflammation of the bursa that separates the superior surface of the supraspinatus tendon (one of the four tendons of the rotator cuff) from the overlying coraco-acromial ligament, acromion, and coracoid (the acromial arch) and from the deep surface of the deltoid muscle. [1]
Surgery may be done arthroscopically or as open surgery. The impinging structures may be removed in surgery, and the subacromial space may be widened by resection of the distal clavicle and excision of osteophytes on the under-surface of the acromioclavicular joint. [4] Damaged rotator cuff muscles can be surgically repaired.
The acromioclavicular joint provides the ability to raise the arm above the head. This joint functions as a pivot point (although technically it is a gliding synovial joint), acting like a strut to help with movement of the scapula resulting in a greater degree of arm rotation.
The hardening of the shoulder joint capsule is central to the disease process. This is the result of scar tissue around the joint capsule. [14] There also may be a reduction in synovial fluid, which normally helps the shoulder joint, a ball and socket joint, move by lubricating the gap between the humerus and the socket in the shoulder blade.
The amount of stress needed to acutely tear a rotator cuff tendon will depend on the underlying condition of the tendon. If healthy, the stress needed will be high, such as with a fall on the outstretched arm. This stress may occur coincidentally with other injuries such as a dislocation of the shoulder or separation of the acromioclavicular joint.
RICE is a mnemonic acronym for the four elements of a treatment regimen that was once recommended for soft tissue injuries: rest, ice, compression, and elevation. [1] It was considered a first-aid treatment rather than a cure and aimed to control inflammation. [2]