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Studies of mathematical practice and quasi-empiricism in mathematics are also rightly part of the sociology of knowledge since they focus on the community of those who practice mathematics. Since Eugene Wigner raised the issue in 1960 and Hilary Putnam made it more rigorous in 1975, the question of why fields such as physics and mathematics ...
Mathematics, in the broadest sense, is just a synonym of formal science; but traditionally mathematics means more specifically the coalition of four areas: arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and analysis, which are, to some degree, the study of quantity, structure, space, and change respectively.
The natural sciences (biology, chemistry, physics, astronomy, and Earth sciences), which study nature in the broadest sense; The social sciences (e.g. psychology , sociology , economics , history ) which study people and societies; and
Social physics or sociophysics is a field of science which uses mathematical tools inspired by physics to understand the behavior of human crowds. In a modern commercial use, it can also refer to the analysis of social phenomena with big data. Social physics is closely related to econophysics, which uses physics methods to describe economics. [1]
"The Intimate Relation between Mathematics and Physics". Science and Its Times: Understanding the Social Significance of Scientific Discovery. Vol. 7: 1950 to Present. Gale Group. pp. 226–229. ISBN 978-0-7876-3939-6. Vafa, Cumrun (2000). "On the Future of Mathematics/Physics Interaction". Mathematics: Frontiers and Perspectives.
Research has shown that, after controlling for the number of hypotheses being tested, positive results are 2.3 times more likely in the social sciences than in the physical sciences. [4] It has also been found that the degree of scientific consensus is highest in the physical sciences, lowest in the social sciences, and intermediate in the ...
The origin of the terms "hard science" and "soft science" is obscure. The earliest attested use of "hard science" is found in an 1858 issue of the Journal of the Society of Arts, [17] [18] but the idea of a hierarchy of the sciences can be found earlier, in the work of the French philosopher Auguste Comte (1798‒1857).
From the eighteenth century onwards, this was a recognized category of mathematical activity, sometimes characterized as speculative mathematics, [12] and at variance with the trend towards meeting the needs of navigation, astronomy, physics, economics, engineering, and other applications.