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Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, is a group of cancers that starts in the kidney. [4] Symptoms may include blood in the urine, a lump in the abdomen, or back pain. [1] [2] [3] Fever, weight loss, and tiredness may also occur. [1] [2] [3] Complications can include spread to the lungs or brain. [6]
A 2006 review stated that Reed's Syndrome often is the leading cause of renal cancer between ages 30–50. Renal cancer kills about 1 in 3 people, but 5-year survival rates improved between 1974–1976 and 1995–2000, from 52% to 64%. [18]
The mechanism behind RVT is no different from other types of blood clots in other parts of the body. Rudolf Virchow, was the first to describe the physiological mechanism behind venous thrombosis (blood clots) using three related factors, known as Virchow's Triad; damage to the blood vessel (endothelial damage), decrease in blood flow (stasis) and increased coagulability of the blood ...
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a kidney cancer that originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule, a part of the very small tubes in the kidney that transport primary urine. RCC is the most common type of kidney cancer in adults, responsible for approximately 90–95% of cases. [ 1 ]
Like other cancers, kidney cancer is measured in stages. •Stage 1, the tumour has not spread and is localized. This accounts for 65% of cases of kidney cancer and 92.5% of people with stage 1 kidney cancer survive 5 years. •Stage 2 and 3, the tumour has grown larger and has spread and started to affect regional tissues and lymph nodes.
The five-year survival rate of PRCC has been reported as 82-90%, which is slightly higher than that of other kidney cancers. [45] The reduced survival rate has been positively correlated to several factors, which are high nuclear grade and stage, vascular invasion, DNA aneuploidy, and more. [46] Patients with type 1 PRCC have significantly ...
The signs and symptoms of NCS are all derived from the outflow obstruction of the left renal vein. The compression causes renal vein hypertension, leading to hematuria (which can lead to anemia) [4] and abdominal pain (classically left flank or pelvic pain). [5] The abdominal pain may improve or worsen depending on positioning. [5]
The venous drainage of the kidney large mirrors its arterial supply, except that there are no segmental veins. [4] The stellate veins arise from the capillaries, then drain successively through interlobular veins and interlobar veins until these converge from across the kidney to form the renal vein for that kidney.