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  2. de Laval nozzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Laval_nozzle

    A de Laval nozzle (or convergent-divergent nozzle, CD nozzle or con-di nozzle) is a tube which is pinched in the middle, with a rapid convergence and gradual divergence. It is used to accelerate a compressible fluid to supersonic speeds in the axial (thrust) direction, by converting the thermal energy of the flow into kinetic energy .

  3. Rocket engine nozzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_engine_nozzle

    Figure 1: A de Laval nozzle, showing approximate flow velocity increasing from green to red in the direction of flow Density flow in a nozzle. A rocket engine nozzle is a propelling nozzle (usually of the de Laval type) used in a rocket engine to expand and accelerate combustion products to high supersonic velocities.

  4. Propelling nozzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propelling_nozzle

    A propelling nozzle is a nozzle that converts the internal energy of a working gas into propulsive force; it is the nozzle, which forms a jet, that separates a gas turbine, or gas generator, from a jet engine. Propelling nozzles accelerate the available gas to subsonic, transonic, or supersonic velocities depending on the power setting of the ...

  5. Components of jet engines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Components_of_jet_engines

    The nozzle is usually convergent with a fixed flow area. Supersonic nozzle — For high nozzle pressure ratios (Nozzle Entry Pressure/Ambient Pressure) a convergent-divergent (de Laval) nozzle is used. The expansion to atmospheric pressure and supersonic gas velocity continues downstream of the throat and produces more thrust.

  6. Isentropic nozzle flow - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isentropic_Nozzle_Flow

    A nozzle for a supersonic flow must increase in area in the flow direction, and a diffuser must decrease in area, opposite to a nozzle and diffuser for a subsonic flow. So, for a supersonic flow to develop from a reservoir where the velocity is zero, the subsonic flow must first accelerate through a converging area to a throat, followed by ...

  7. Shock diamond - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shock_diamond

    Shock diamonds are the bright areas seen in the exhaust of this statically mounted Pratt & Whitney J58 engine on full afterburner.. Shock diamonds (also known as Mach diamonds or thrust diamonds, and less commonly Mach disks) are a formation of standing wave patterns that appear in the supersonic exhaust plume of an aerospace propulsion system, such as a supersonic jet engine, rocket, ramjet ...

  8. Nozzle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nozzle

    Jet engines for subsonic flight use convergent nozzles with a sonic exit velocity. Engines for supersonic flight, such as used for fighters and SST aircraft (e.g. Concorde) achieve the high exhaust speeds necessary for supersonic flight by using a divergent extension to the convergent engine nozzle which accelerates the exhaust to supersonic ...

  9. British Aerospace P.1216 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Aerospace_P.1216

    Beginning in 1957 with the P.1127 the former Hawker design team at Kingston upon Thames undertook numerous studies into V/STOL aircraft. these studies identified that the best option was thrust vectoring using rotating engine nozzles. To obtain supersonic flight the design team concluded that plenum chamber burning (PCB) was the most ...