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Conflicts of interest increase the likelihood of biases arising; they can harm the quality of research and the public good (even if disclosed). [3] Conflicts of interest can involve research sponsors, authors, journals, journal staff, publishers, and peer reviewers.
An institutional review board (IRB), also known as an independent ethics committee (IEC), ethical review board (ERB), or research ethics board (REB), is a committee at an institution that applies research ethics by reviewing the methods proposed for research involving human subjects, to ensure that the projects are ethical.
Peer review is widely used for helping the academic publisher (that is, the editor-in-chief, the editorial board or the program committee) decide whether the work should be accepted, considered acceptable with revisions, or rejected for official publication in an academic journal, a monograph or in the proceedings of an academic conference. If ...
The appeal fee is reimbursed in full "if the appeal is withdrawn before the filing of the statement of grounds of appeal and before the period for filing that statement has expired." [75] Besides, the appeal fee is partially reimbursed, at a rate of 75%, 50%, or 25%, if the appeal is withdrawn at certain stages of the appeal proceedings. [76]
A gateway to results of DOE research and development and major R&D accomplishments of interest to DOE. Free United States Department of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information. [134] Science Citation Index: Science (General) Part of Web of Science: Subscription Clarivate Analytics: ScienceOpen: Multidisciplinary
Among Deer's earliest reported allegations was that, contrary to a statement in the paper, Wakefield's research on the 12 children was conducted without any institutional review board authorization—a claim quickly denied in February 2004 by both the paper's authors and the Lancet. [44] The paper itself said, "Ethical approval and consent.
Exclusion criteria concern properties of the study sample, defining reasons for which patients from the target population are to be excluded from the current study sample. Typical exclusion criteria are defined for either ethical reasons (e.g., children, pregnant women, patients with psychological illnesses, patients who are not able or willing ...
In 2012 and 2014, the Spanish National Research Council asked 11,864 Spanish academics to name the 10 most prestigious academic publishers from over 600 international and 500 Spanish-language publishers. It received 2,731 responses, a response rate of 23.05 percent.