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This allows the male dog to enter into the vagina before the erectile tissue is swollen. The urethra is located inside of a downward facing groove on the baculum and ends at the tip of the penis (urethral process). During an erection a small dip just above the urethral process can be seen.
During gastrulation cells migrate to the interior of the blastula, subsequently forming two (in diploblastic animals) or three (triploblastic) germ layers. The embryo during this process is called a gastrula. The germ layers are referred to as the ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm.
Oogenesis (/ ˌ oʊ. ə ˈ dʒ ɛ n ɪ s ɪ s /) or ovogenesis is the differentiation of the ovum (egg cell) into a cell competent to further develop when fertilized. [1] It is developed from the primary oocyte by maturation. Oogenesis is initiated before birth during embryonic development.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel with bandaged foot A dog's injured leg. The health of dogs is a well studied area in veterinary medicine.. Dog health is viewed holistically; it encompasses many different aspects, including disease processes, genetics, and nutritional health, for example.
Female dogs bleed during estrus, which usually lasts from 7–13 days, depending on the size and maturity of the dog. Ovulation occurs 24–48 hours after the luteinizing hormone peak, which occurs around the fourth day of estrus; therefore, this is the best time to begin breeding.
Studies performed on humans, dogs, and cats in the 1870s suggested that the production of oocytes (immature egg cells) stops at or shortly after birth. A review of reports from 1900 to 1950 by zoologist Solomon Zuckerman cemented the belief that females have a finite number of oocytes that are formed before they are born.
In genetics, a maternal effect occurs when the phenotype of an organism is determined by the genotype of its mother. [1] For example, if a mutation is maternal effect recessive, then a female homozygous for the mutation may appear phenotypically normal, however her offspring will show the mutant phenotype, even if they are heterozygous for the mutation.
Abundant research in invertebrates [3] [4] [5] has shown that endosymbionts may be transmitted vertically to oocytes or externally transmitted during oviposition. [6] Research on the acquisition of microbial communities in vertebrates is relatively sparse, but also suggests that vertical transmission may occur. [7] [8]
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