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Although polynomial regression fits a nonlinear model to the data, as a statistical estimation problem it is linear, in the sense that the regression function E(y | x) is linear in the unknown parameters that are estimated from the data. For this reason, polynomial regression is considered to be a special case of multiple linear regression. [1]
In the more general multiple regression model, there are independent variables: = + + + +, where is the -th observation on the -th independent variable.If the first independent variable takes the value 1 for all , =, then is called the regression intercept.
Local regression or local polynomial regression, [1] also known as moving regression, [2] is a generalization of the moving average and polynomial regression. [3] Its most common methods, initially developed for scatterplot smoothing, are LOESS (locally estimated scatterplot smoothing) and LOWESS (locally weighted scatterplot smoothing), both pronounced / ˈ l oʊ ɛ s / LOH-ess.
Consider a set of data points, (,), (,), …, (,), and a curve (model function) ^ = (,), that in addition to the variable also depends on parameters, = (,, …,), with . It is desired to find the vector of parameters such that the curve fits best the given data in the least squares sense, that is, the sum of squares = = is minimized, where the residuals (in-sample prediction errors) r i are ...
In statistics, ordinary least squares (OLS) is a type of linear least squares method for choosing the unknown parameters in a linear regression model (with fixed level-one [clarification needed] effects of a linear function of a set of explanatory variables) by the principle of least squares: minimizing the sum of the squares of the differences between the observed dependent variable (values ...
The result of fitting a set of data points with a quadratic function Conic fitting a set of points using least-squares approximation. The method of least squares is a parameter estimation method in regression analysis based on minimizing the sum of the squares of the residuals (a residual being the difference between an observed value and the fitted value provided by a model) made in the ...
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Weighted least squares (WLS), also known as weighted linear regression, [1] [2] is a generalization of ordinary least squares and linear regression in which knowledge of the unequal variance of observations (heteroscedasticity) is incorporated into the regression.