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Glyphosate is also used for crop desiccation to increase harvest yield and uniformity. [57] Glyphosate itself is not a chemical desiccant; rather crop desiccants are so named because application just before harvest kills the crop plants so that the food crop dries from normal environmental conditions ("dry-down") more quickly and evenly.
Other GM crops grown in 2014 include Alfalfa (862 000 ha), sugar beet (494 000 ha) and papaya (7 475 ha). In Bangladesh a genetically modified eggplant was grown commercially for the first time on 12 ha. [6] The majority of GM crops have been modified to be resistant to selected herbicides, usually a glyphosate or glufosinate based one.
The most prevalent GM trait is herbicide tolerance, [141] where glyphosate-tolerance is the most common. [142] Glyphosate (the active ingredient in Roundup and other herbicide products) kills plants by interfering with the shikimate pathway in plants, which is essential for the synthesis of the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine , tyrosine ...
The majority of GM crops have been modified to be resistant to selected herbicides, usually a glyphosate or glufosinate based one. Genetically modified crops engineered to resist herbicides are now more available than conventionally bred resistant varieties; [20] in the USA 93% of soybeans and most of the GM maize grown is glyphosate tolerant. [21]
EXP1910IT - Imidazolinone herbicide tolerance, specifically imazethapyr. [14] SYN-EV176-9 (176) is an Insect Resistant and multiple herbicide resistant maize under license from Syngenta Seeds, Inc. [15] SYN-BTO11-1, MON-OOO21-9 (BT11 × GA21) is an Insect Resistant and multiple herbicide resistant maize under license from Syngenta Seeds, Inc.
Current Roundup Ready crops include soy, corn (maize), canola, [2] sugar beets, [3] cotton, and alfalfa, [4] with wheat [5] still under development. Additional information on Roundup Ready crops is available on the GM Crops List. [6] As of 2005, 87% of U.S. soybean fields were planted with glyphosate resistant varieties. [7] [8]
Glyphosate disrupts the ability of most plants to construct new proteins. Glyphosate-tolerant transgenic crops are not affected. [7] A weed family that includes waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) has developed glyphosate-resistant strains. A 2008 to 2009 survey of 144 populations of waterhemp in 41 Missouri counties revealed glyphosate resistance in 69%.
As of 2018, the commercialised crops are limited mostly to cash crops like cotton, soybean, maize/corn and canola and the vast majority of the introduced traits provide either herbicide tolerance or insect resistance. [91] The majority of GM crops have been modified to be resistant to selected herbicides, usually a glyphosate or glufosinate ...