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Trolley pole wheel on top of the trolley pole of Twin City Rapid Transit Company No. 1300. A current collector (often called a "pickup") is a device used in trolleybuses, trams, electric locomotives and EMUs to carry electric power from overhead lines, electric third rails, or ground-level power supplies to the electrical equipment of the vehicles.
The collector–emitter current can be viewed as being controlled by the base–emitter current (current control), or by the base–emitter voltage (voltage control). These views are related by the current–voltage relation of the base–emitter junction, which is the usual exponential current–voltage curve of a p–n junction (diode).
Current collector design and surface treatments may take various forms: foil, mesh, foam (dealloyed), etched (wholly or selectively), and coated (with various materials) to improve electrical characteristics. [46] Depending on materials choices, the voltage, energy density, life, and safety of a lithium-ion cell can change dramatically. Current ...
negative electrode with current collector (metal grid, connected to metal casing) separator (between electrodes) The jelly roll or Swiss roll design is the design used in the majority of cylindrical rechargeable batteries , including nickel–cadmium (Ni-Cd), nickel-metal hydride (Ni-MH), and lithium-ion (Li-ion).
Bipolar transistors can be made to conduct by exposure to light because the absorption of photons in the base region generates a photocurrent that acts as a base current; the collector current is approximately β times the photocurrent. Devices designed for this purpose have a transparent window in the package and are called phototransistors.
This material conducts electricity while working as a lubricant. As graphite is brittle, pieces can break off during operation. Poorly-built pantographs can seize the overhead wire and tear it down, and poor-condition wires can damage the pantograph. To prevent this, a pantograph monitoring station can be used.
see electric current. Current collector The current collector is the conductive material in a fuel cell that collects electrons (on the anode side) or disburses electrons (on the cathode side). Current collectors are microporous (to allow for fluid flow through them) and lie in between the catalyst/electrolyte surfaces and the bipolar plates.
The first paper dealing with avalanche transistors was Ebers & Miller (1955).The paper describes how to use alloy-junction transistors in the avalanche breakdown region in order to overcome speed and breakdown voltage limitations which affected the first models of such kind of transistor when used in earlier computer digital circuits.