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In 1954, Per Moller Bruun published a paper [10] describing beach profiles and cross shore equilibrium. [11] Developing on these ideas, in 1962 he published his paper "Sea-Level Rise as a Cause of Shore Erosion", [1] which first gave a relationship between sea level rise and the shoreline recession of equilibrium beach profiles. [2]
Coastal management is defence against flooding and erosion, and techniques that stop erosion to claim lands. [1] Protection against rising sea levels in the 21st century is crucial, as sea level rise accelerates due to climate change .
Coastal erosion may be caused by hydraulic action, abrasion, impact and corrosion by wind and water, and other forces, natural or unnatural. [3] On non-rocky coasts, coastal erosion results in rock formations in areas where the coastline contains rock layers or fracture zones with varying resistance to erosion.
Bayocean, Oregon, January 2020. Dynamic revetments, also known as "cobble berms" or "dynamic cobble berm revetments", use gravel or cobble-sized rocks to mimic a natural cobble storm beach for the purpose of reducing wave energy and stopping or slowing coastal erosion. [1]
Coastal erosion on the Yorkshire coast has long been acknowledged; the town of Ravenser Odd, located south and east of the present Spurn Head, was washed away by several high tides and sea swells in the 14th century, [3] the lighthouse at Withernsea, built in 1892, was located some 0.48 kilometres (0.3 mi) inland due to the land at the coast ...
Jørgen Fredsøe (1947) is a Danish hydraulic engineer who is recognized for his contributions within bed form dynamics in rivers and the marine environment and coastal morphology including bars and beach undulations.
Climate change adaptation strategies on the German coast include European, national, and regional politics, different economic and civilian sectors as well as coastal protection. In general, climate change refers to statistically identifiable changes in climate properties that persist over a longer period of time. [ 1 ]
The term erosion often is associated with undesirable impacts on the environment, whereas submersion is a sustainable part of healthy foreshores. Communities making decisions about coastal management need to develop understanding of the components of beach recession and be able to separate the component that is temporary sustainable submersion from the more serious irreversible anthropogenic ...