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The runaway greenhouse effect may have been caused by the evaporation of the surface water and the rise of the levels of greenhouse gases that followed. Venus's atmosphere has therefore received a great deal of attention from those studying climate change on Earth. [7] [91]
Venus' oceans may have boiled away in a runaway greenhouse effect. A runaway greenhouse effect involving carbon dioxide and water vapor likely occurred on Venus. [22] In this scenario, early Venus may have had a global ocean if the outgoing thermal radiation was below the Simpson–Nakajima limit but above the moist greenhouse limit. [2]
The episode also examines the planet Venus to inspect the runaway greenhouse effect. [2] The episode's title alludes to H. G. Wells ' novel published in 1914, The World Set Free , where Wells predicts that humanity will develop destructive nuclear weapons , perpetuating a devastating global war and forcing the world to come to its senses to ...
Later, this would destroy water-vapor molecules as the Sun’s ultraviolet radiation would spread rapidly on Venus over time, removing crucial elements from Venus’ atmosphere, including hydrogen, which is an important molecule in liquids. Hydrogen later was stripped from Venus, creating a runaway greenhouse effect because there was no water.
The main problem with Venus today, from a terraformation standpoint, is the very thick carbon dioxide atmosphere. The ground level pressure of Venus is 9.2 MPa (91 atm; 1,330 psi). This also, through the greenhouse effect, causes the temperature on the surface to be several hundred degrees too hot for any significant organisms.
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Venus may have had liquid surface water early in its history with a habitable environment, [24] [25] before a runaway greenhouse effect evaporated any water and turned Venus into its present state. [26] [27] [28] The rotation of Venus has been slowed and turned against its orbital direction by the currents and drag of its atmosphere. [29]
The greenhouse effect occurs when greenhouse gases in a planet's atmosphere insulate the planet from losing heat to space, raising its surface temperature. Surface heating can happen from an internal heat source (as in the case of Jupiter ) or come from an external source, such as its host star .