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The 13th century was the century which lasted from January 1, 1201 (represented by the Roman numerals MCCI) through December 31, 1300 (MCCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The Mongol Empire was founded by Genghis Khan , which stretched from Eastern Asia to Eastern Europe .
The time between the Maurya Empire in the 3rd century BCE and the end of the Gupta Empire in the 6th century CE is referred to as the "Classical" period of India. [123] The Gupta Empire (4th–6th century) is regarded as the Golden Age of India , although a host of kingdoms ruled over India in these centuries.
Briefly controlled most of north India in the 9th century. Chola Empire, a South Indian empire which ruled from Tamil Nadu and extended to include Southeast Asian territories at its height. Ruled from the 9th century to 13th century. Western Chalukya Empire, ruled most of the western Deccan and some of South India, between the 10th and 12th ...
India's first three universities, the University of Mumbai, the University of Madras and the University of Calcutta, are established. 1858: 1 November: British Raj (to 1947) Marks the Beginning Of Direct British Rule Over India For 89 Years(1858–1947). 7 November: Bipin Chandra Pal is born (to 1932) 1859: 18 April: Death of Tatya Tope: 1861: ...
The Hindustani language (Hindi) began to emerge in the Delhi Sultanate period, developed from the Middle Indo-Aryan apabhramsha vernaculars of North India. Amir Khusrau, who lived in the 13th century CE during the Delhi Sultanate period in North India, used a form of Hindustani, which was the lingua franca of the period, in his writings and ...
The foundation for the Pandya supremacy in south India was laid by Maravarman Sundara I early in the 13th century. [91] He succeeded his older brother Jatavarman Kulasekhara in 1216. [ 92 ] He invaded the Chola country, sacked Uraiyur and Thanjavur , and drove the Chola king Kulothunga III into exile.
The history of India up to (and including) the times of the Buddha, with his life generally placed into the 6th or 5th century BCE, is a subject of a major scholarly debate. The vast majority of historians in the Western world accept the theory of Aryan Migration with c. 1500-1200 BCE dates for the displacement of Indus civilization by Aryans ...