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They migrate over 1,500 mi (2,400 km) a year between their winter range and calving grounds at the Beaufort Sea, the longest land migration route of any land mammal on Earth. Their range spans the Alaska-Yukon border and is a valued resource cooperatively managed by the Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Canadian wildlife agencies and local ...
In general, during the summer, the coat of the caribou is brown, and much lighter in the winter. The neck and rump tend towards a creamy-white colour. However, the general coloration may differ depending on the region. The barren-ground caribou usually breeds in the fall and calves in June but may not drop their single calf until July.
The herd migrates annually between their winter breeding grounds, south of the Waring Mountains, and their summer calving grounds, north of the Baird Mountains. The herd's annual crossing of the Kobuk River is central to the Inupiaq people's subsistence hunting. [17] Large mammals in the park include wolf packs, Arctic and red foxes, caribou ...
Large herds will migrate up to 400 miles between the summer and winter months. Caribou have large antlers as well as large concave hoofs. Their wide feet act as paddles when they swim.
[34] [35] In 1997, the domesticated reindeer joined the Western Arctic caribou herd on their summer migration and disappeared. [36] The WACH reached a peak of 490,000 in 2003 and then declined to 325,000 in 2011. [37] [38]
Klein returned to St. Matthew Island in the summer of 1966 and found that the herd of 6,000 had shrunk to only 42 reindeer. Of this group, only one of these reindeer was male.
[17] [49] The caribou hunt occurred in the early summer and mid-summer. Caribou hunting during the fall migration involved the use of fence, corral, and snare complexes and was a seasonal activity critical to the survival of the Tanana people. [6] Today, most caribou meat is typically used fresh or frozen for later use. [17]
The arctic tundra often lacks sunshine. Summer days last 24 hours, yet the sun remains low on the horizon. During the winter, the opposite occurs, and the entire landscape is dark.