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The apostrophe (’, ' ) is a punctuation mark, and sometimes a diacritical mark, in languages that use the Latin alphabet and some other alphabets. In English, the apostrophe is used for three basic purposes:
French orthography encompasses the spelling and punctuation of the French language.It is based on a combination of phonemic and historical principles. The spelling of words is largely based on the pronunciation of Old French c. 1100 –1200 AD, and has stayed more or less the same since then, despite enormous changes to the pronunciation of the language in the intervening years.
For example, French and Portuguese treat letters with diacritical marks the same as the underlying letter for purposes of ordering and dictionaries. The Scandinavian languages and the Finnish language, by contrast, treat the characters with diacritics å , ä , and ö as distinct letters of the alphabet, and sort them after z .
For example, Italian Braille uses the old French quotation marks ⠦ ⠀ ⠴ and asterisk ⠔, but also shifted the old French parentheses ⠶ ⠀ ⠶ to brackets and innovated ⠢ ⠀ ⠔ for parentheses; in addition, it uses point 3, ⠄, for both apostrophe and full stop / period. A sample of Moon type in various languages including French.
For example, French was based on a 25-letter alphabet without a w. When braille was adopted for English in the United States, the letters were applied directly to the English alphabet, so that braille letter of French x became English w, French y became English x, French z English y, and French ç English z. In the United Kingdom, however ...
In fact, apostrophes have some of the most confusing grammar rules in the English language. When to use an apostrophe. Combining words. Contractions, or shortened groups of words, use the ...
A cedilla (/ s ɪ ˈ d ɪ l ə / sih-DIH-lə; from Spanish cedilla, "small ceda", i.e. small "z"), or cedille (from French cédille, pronounced), is a hook or tail (¸) added under certain letters (as a diacritical mark) to indicate that their pronunciation is modified.
In French, elision (élision) is the suppression of a final unstressed vowel (usually /ə/) immediately before another word beginning with a vowel or a silent h . The term also refers to the orthographic convention by which the deletion of a vowel is reflected in writing, and indicated with an apostrophe .