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The concept of residence time originated in models of chemical reactors. The first such model was an axial dispersion model by Irving Langmuir in 1908. This received little attention for 45 years; other models were developed such as the plug flow reactor model and the continuous stirred-tank reactor, and the concept of a washout function (representing the response to a sudden change in the ...
The continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR), also known as vat-or backmix reactor, mixed flow reactor (MFR), or a continuous-flow stirred-tank reactor (CFSTR), is a common model for a chemical reactor in chemical engineering and environmental engineering. A CSTR often refers to a model used to estimate the key unit operation variables when using ...
An ideal plug flow reactor has a fixed residence time: Any fluid (plug) that enters the reactor at time will exit the reactor at time +, where is the residence time of the reactor. The residence time distribution function is therefore a Dirac delta function at τ {\displaystyle \tau } .
The AR is defined as the collection all possible outcomes for all conceivable reactor combinations. [5] Geometrically, the AR may (for instance) be represented as a convex region in state space representing all possible outlet compositions for all reactor combinations. A combination of reactors is often termed a reactor structure.
Continuous flow reactors allow good control over reaction conditions including heat transfer, time, and mixing. The residence time of the reagents in the reactor (i.e. the amount of time that the reaction is heated or cooled) is calculated from the volume of the reactor and the flow rate through it:
Space velocity may refer to: Space velocity (astronomy) , the velocity of a star in the galactic coordinate system Space velocity (chemistry) , the relation between volumetric flow rate and reactor volume in a chemical reactor
Delta-v (also known as "change in velocity"), symbolized as and pronounced /dɛltə viː/, as used in spacecraft flight dynamics, is a measure of the impulse per unit of spacecraft mass that is needed to perform a maneuver such as launching from or landing on a planet or moon, or an in-space orbital maneuver.
A relatively fast fluid velocity (10–30 m/s) [2] is usually required in FR operations to encourage a continuous particle distribution throughout the reactor's vessel. . This minimizes the column's slip velocity (average velocity difference of different fluids in a pipe), providing a positive impact on heat and mass transfer rates and allowing for the use of smaller diameter vessels which can ...