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  2. Biochemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemistry

    Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. [1] A sub-discipline of both chemistry and biology, biochemistry may be divided into three fields: structural biology, enzymology, and metabolism. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become successful at ...

  3. Biochemical switches in the cell cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_switches_in...

    The phases include the G1 and G2 phases, DNA replication or S phase, and the actual process of cell division, mitosis or M phase. [1] During the M phase, the chromosomes separate and cytokinesis occurs. The switches maintain the orderly progression of the cell cycle and act as checkpoints to ensure that each phase has been properly completed ...

  4. Cheat sheet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheat_sheet

    Cheat sheets were historically used by students without an instructor or teacher's knowledge to cheat on a test or exam. [1] In the context of higher education or vocational training, where rote memorization is not as important, students may be permitted (or even encouraged) to develop and consult their cheat sheets during exams.

  5. Branches of science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_science

    Biochemistry, or biological chemistry, is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. [32] It is a sub-discipline of both biology and chemistry, and from a reductionist point of view it is fundamental in biology. Biochemistry is closely related to molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, and physiology.

  6. Chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemistry

    Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. [1] It is a physical science within the natural sciences that studies the chemical elements that make up matter and compounds made of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during reactions with other substances.

  7. Second messenger system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_messenger_system

    The activated α subunit activates phospholipase C, which hydrolyzes membrane bound phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP 2), resulting in the formation of secondary messengers diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol-1,4,5-triphosphate (IP 3). [10] IP 3 binds to calcium pumps on ER, transporting Ca 2+, another second messenger, into the cytoplasm.

  8. Glossary of cellular and molecular biology (0–L) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_cellular_and...

    3' untranslated region (3'-UTR). Also three-prime untranslated region, 3' non-translated region (3'-NTR), and trailer sequence.. 3'-end. Also three-prime end.. One of two ends of a single linear strand of DNA or RNA, specifically the end at which the chain of nucleotides terminates at the third carbon atom in the furanose ring of deoxyribose or ribose (i.e. the terminus at which the 3' carbon ...

  9. Lecture - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lecture

    The reading from original sources evolved into the reading of glosses on an original and then more generally to lecture notes. Throughout much of history, the diffusion of knowledge via handwritten lecture notes was an essential element of academic life. Rembrandt's The Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp (1632)