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Matter organizes into various phases or states of matter depending on its constituents and external factors like pressure and temperature. Except at extreme temperatures and pressures, atoms form the three classical states of matter: solid , liquid and gas .
PDF graphics use a device-independent Cartesian coordinate system to describe the surface of a page. A PDF page description can use a matrix to scale, rotate, or skew graphical elements. A key concept in PDF is that of the graphics state, which is a collection of graphical parameters that may be changed, saved, and restored by a page ...
Forms of matter that are not composed of molecules and are organized by different forces can also be considered different states of matter. Superfluids (like Fermionic condensate) and the quark–gluon plasma are examples. In a chemical equation, the state of matter of the chemicals may be shown as (s) for solid, (l) for liquid, and (g) for gas.
Phase transitions commonly refer to when a substance transforms between one of the four states of matter to another. At the phase transition point for a substance, for instance the boiling point, the two phases involved - liquid and vapor, have identical free energies and therefore are equally likely to exist. Below the boiling point, the ...
PDF (gene), a gene that in humans encodes the enzyme peptide deformylase; Palladium fluoride (PdF), a series of chemical compounds; Parton distribution function, in particle physics; Peak draw force, in a compound bow in archery; Percival David Foundation of Chinese Art; Pigment dispersing factor, in biology; Planar deformation features, in geology
Scientists investigated a new two-dimensional form of matter known as Bose glass, which could help physicists study a concept known as many-body localization.
Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...
A state of matter (also called the fifth state of matter) which is typically formed when a gas of bosons at low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero. Bottom Up Building larger objects from smaller building blocks. Nanotechnology seeks to use atoms and molecules as those building blocks. Brownian Assembly