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Research on the medicinal effects of gold began in 1935, [2] primarily to reduce inflammation and to slow disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The use of gold compounds has decreased since the 1980s because of numerous side effects and monitoring requirements, limited efficacy, and very slow onset of action.
Sodium aurothiomalate (INN, known in the United States as gold sodium thiomalate) is a gold compound that is used for its immunosuppressive anti-rheumatic effects. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Along with an orally-administered gold salt, auranofin , it is one of only two gold compounds currently employed in modern medicine.
Auranofin is used to treat rheumatoid arthritis.It improves arthritis symptoms including painful or tender and swollen joints and morning stiffness. [5] Auranofin is a safer treatment compared to the more common injectable gold thiolates (gold sodium thiomalate and gold thioglucose), but meta-analysis of 66 clinical trials concluded that it is somewhat less effective.
In 1935, gold drugs were reported to be effective for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. [1] Although many patients reacted positively to the drug, gold thioglucose was not uniformly effective. Only one gold drug remains in active clinical use for this purpose in the United States: auranofin although sodium aurothiomalate (gold sodium ...
Azathioprine is used alone or in combination with other immunosuppressive therapy to prevent rejection following organ transplantation, and to treat an array of autoimmune diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, pemphigus, systemic lupus erythematosus, Behçet's disease, and other forms of vasculitis, autoimmune hepatitis, atopic dermatitis, myasthenia gravis, neuromyelitis optica (Devic's ...
Gold compounds are compounds by the element gold (Au). Although gold is the most noble of the noble metals , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] it still forms many diverse compounds. The oxidation state of gold in its compounds ranges from −1 to +5, but Au(I) and Au(III) dominate its chemistry.
Sodium aurothiosulfate, or sanocrysin, is the inorganic compound with the formula Na 3 [Au(S 2 O 3) 2]·2H 2 O. It is the trisodium salt of the coordination complex of gold(I), [Au(S 2 O 3) 2] 3−. The dihydrate, which is colorless, crystallizes with two waters of crystallization. The compound has some medicinal properties as well as potential ...
Gold: Gold salt complexes have been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (Figure 3). The gold salts are believed to interact with albumin and eventually be taken up by immune cells, triggering anti-mitochondrial effects and eventually cell apoptosis. This is an indirect treatment of arthritis, mitigating the immune response.