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Dream interpretation is the process of assigning meaning to dreams. In many ancient societies, such as those of Egypt and Greece , dreaming was considered a supernatural communication or a means of divine intervention , whose message could be interpreted by people with these associated spiritual powers.
Marie Louise von Franz has studied dream symbols, while James Hillman is more interested in what this other world represents for the dreamer. As a nocturnal theater of symbols, dreams are for Jung a natural production of the unconscious, [D 2] as well as the locus of personality transformation and the path to what Jung calls "individuation ...
This is where the dream may direct feelings or desires onto an unrelated subject. This is similar to the practice of transference, which is a common technique used in psychoanalysis. Another step in the formation of dreams is symbolism. Objects or situations in a dream may represent something else, commonly an unconscious thought or desire.
According to Freud dream interpretation was supposed to be guided by patients through free associations to various aspects of the dream, thus leaving room for the interpretation to be tailored to individuals. Freud noted and warned readers that the psychological meaning of objects, people, or events in dreams were not meant to be universal.
The biggest finding was related to dreams and religion included exploring this connection as a form of coping. [10] This effect of the Western worldview of dreams and dream interpretation with religious connotations has spread as far as the churches in Nigeria, Africa. These churches believed their leaders in the church would receive frequent ...
Freud considered that "dreams are brief, meagre and laconic in comparison with the range and wealth of the dream-thoughts." Images and chains of association have their emotional charges displaced from the originating ideas to the receiving one, where they merge and "condense" together. [ 2 ]
In Native American Ojibwa culture the human mind was believed to be susceptible to dark spirits, when the mind is weakest (I.e. asleep) and would give bad dreams. In defense the men and women would weave dream catchers. These talismans would let the good dream spirits through, whilst trapping the bad spirits in the pattern. [14] [15] Fish
The Meaning of Dreams: 1953 "A Cognitive Theory of Dream Symbols," Journal of General Psychology, 48, 169-186: metaphoric theory of dream symbols 1954: A Primer of Freudian Psychology: 1957: Theories of Personality: 1966: The Content Analysis of Dreams: coding system co-authored with Robert Van de Castle 1970: Dreams, Life, and Literature ...