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Oxygen saturation is the fraction of oxygen-saturated haemoglobin relative to total haemoglobin (unsaturated + saturated) in the blood. The human body requires and regulates a very precise and specific balance of oxygen in the blood. Normal arterial blood oxygen saturation levels in humans are 96–100 percent. [1]
Measuring the content of hemoglobin in the blood and the percentage of saturation of hemoglobin (the oxygen saturation of the blood) is a simple process and is readily available to physicians. Using the fact that each gram of hemoglobin can carry 1.34 mL of O 2 , the oxygen content of the blood (either arterial or venous) can be estimated by ...
In medicine, oxygen saturation refers to oxygenation, or when oxygen molecules (O 2) enter the tissues of the body. In this case blood is oxygenated in the lungs, where oxygen molecules travel from the air into the blood. Oxygen saturation ((O 2) sats) measures the percentage of hemoglobin binding sites in the bloodstream occupied by oxygen ...
Specifically, the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve relates oxygen saturation (SO 2) and partial pressure of oxygen in the blood (PO 2), and is determined by what is called "hemoglobin affinity for oxygen"; that is, how readily hemoglobin acquires and releases oxygen molecules into the fluid that surrounds it. Structure of oxyhemoglobin
Because of the increased dead space ventilation, the arterial pO 2 is reduced and thus also the peripheral oxygen saturation is lower than normal, leading to tachypnea and dyspnea. This finding is typically associated with pulmonary embolism (where blood circulation is impaired by an embolus). Ventilation is wasted, as it fails to oxygenate any ...
The other major effect of altitude is due to lower ambient temperature. The oxygen saturation of hemoglobin determines the content of oxygen in blood. After the human body reaches around 2,100 metres (6,900 ft) above sea level, the saturation of oxyhemoglobin begins to decrease rapidly. [2]
Alternatively, in order to find the efficiency of the lungs in replenishing blood oxygen levels, the a-vO 2 diff may instead be taken by comparing blood from the pulmonary artery and the pulmonary vein; in this case a negative value for a-vO 2 diff would be obtained as the oxygen content of the blood would have increased. [citation needed]
Visible light photoacoustic microscopy is particularly useful in determining hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation due to the difference in absorption profiles of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin. Real-time analysis can then be used to determine blood flow speed and oxygen metabolism rate. [3]