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  2. Diaphragm pacing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diaphragm_pacing

    Diaphragm pacing (and even earlier as electrophrenic respiration[ 1][ 2]) is the rhythmic application of electrical impulses to the diaphragm to provide artificial ventilatory support for respiratory failure or sleep apnea. [ 3][ 4] Historically, this has been accomplished through the electrical stimulation of a phrenic nerve by an implanted ...

  3. Sleep apnea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_apnea

    Sleep apnea, British English sleep apnoea or sleep apnœa, is a sleep-related breathing disorder in which repetitive pauses in breathing, periods of shallow breathing, or collapse of the upper airway during sleep results in poor ventilation and sleep disruption. [10][11] Each pause in breathing can last for a few seconds to a few minutes and ...

  4. Hypoglossal nerve stimulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoglossal_nerve_stimulator

    The hypoglossal nerve stimulator is a novel strategy for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. [1][2] It has been gaining popularity over the last few decades and was approved in Europe in 2013 and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in April 2014. [3] The purpose of the hypoglossal nerve stimulator is to relieve tongue base obstruction ...

  5. Hyoid suspension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyoid_suspension

    Hyoid suspension, also known as hyoid myotomy and suspension or hyoid advancement, is a surgical procedure or sleep surgery in which the hyoid bone and its muscle attachments to the tongue and airway are pulled forward with the aim of increasing airway size and improving airway stability in the retrolingual and hypopharyngeal airway (airway behind and below the base of tongue).

  6. Obstructive sleep apnea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstructive_sleep_apnea

    Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common sleep-related breathing disorder and is characterized by recurrent episodes of complete or partial obstruction of the upper airway leading to reduced or absent breathing during sleep. These episodes are termed "apneas" with complete or near-complete cessation of breathing, or "hypopneas" when the ...

  7. Central sleep apnea - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_sleep_apnea

    The conditions of hypoxia and hypercapnia, whether caused by apnea or not, trigger additional effects on the body.The immediate effects of central sleep apnea on the body depend on how long the failure to breathe endures, how short is the interval between failures to breathe, and the presence or absence of independent conditions whose effects amplify those of an apneic episode.

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